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About this book

Malachi

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message to Israel through Malachi:⁠ 2 “I have shown love to you,” says the Lord, but you say, “How have you shown love to us?” “Esau was Jacob’s brother,” the Lord explains, “yet I chose Jacob⁠ 3 and rejected Esau. I turned Esau’s mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals.”⁠ 4 Edom says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased. 5 Your eyes will see it, and then you will say, ‘May the Lord be magnified even beyond the border of Israel!’” 6 “A son naturally honors his father and a slave respects his master. If I am your father, where is my honor?⁠ If I am your master, where is my respect?⁠ The Lord of Heaven’s Armies asks you this, you priests who make light of my name! But you reply, ‘How have we made light of your name?’⁠ 7 You are offering improper sacrifices on my altar, yet you ask, ‘How have we offended you?’ By treating the table of the Lord as if it is of no importance. 8 For when you offer blind animals as a sacrifice, is that not wrong? And when you offer the lame and sick, is that not wrong as well? Indeed, try offering them to your governor! Will he be pleased with you or show you favor?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 9 “But now plead for God’s favor that he might be gracious to us.” “With this kind of offering in your hands, how can he be pleased with you?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 10 “I wish that one of you would close the temple doors, so that you no longer would light useless fires on my altar. I am not pleased with you,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and I will no longer accept an offering from you. 11 For from the east to the west my name will be great among the nations.⁠ Incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name everywhere, for my name will be great among the nations,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 12 “But you are profaning it by saying that the table of the Lord is common and its offerings despicable. 13 You also say, ‘How tiresome it is.’ You turn up your nose at it,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies,⁠ “and instead bring what is stolen, lame, or sick. You bring these things for an offering! Should I accept this from you?” asks the Lord. 14 “There will be harsh condemnation for the hypocrite who has a valuable male animal in his flock but vows and sacrifices something inferior to the Lord. For I am a great king,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and my name is awesome among the nations.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Obadiah 1:2 and Malachi 1:3

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Obadiah warns that Edom will be devastated and made small among the nations. Malachi presents this devastation as already underway, using it as proof that God chose Jacob and rejected Esau.

Passages

Obadiah 1:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The vision that Obadiah saw. The Sovereign Lord says this concerning Edom: We have heard a report from the Lord. An envoy was sent among the nations, saying, “Arise! Let us make war against Edom!” 2 The Lord says, “Look! I will make you a weak nation; you will be greatly despised! 3 Your presumptuous heart has deceived you—you who reside in the safety of the rocky cliffs, whose home is high in the mountains. You think to yourself, ‘No one can bring me down to the ground!’ 4 Even if you were to soar high like an eagle, even if you were to make your nest among the stars, I can bring you down even from there!” says the Lord.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Obadiah

Malachi 1:3

Hebrew Bible
2 “I have shown love to you,” says the Lord, but you say, “How have you shown love to us?” “Esau was Jacob’s brother,” the Lord explains, “yet I chose Jacob 3 and rejected Esau. I turned Esau’s mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals.” 4 Edom says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased. 5 Your eyes will see it, and then you will say, ‘May the Lord be magnified even beyond the border of Israel!’”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

References

"... While Obadiah anticipates Edom's punishment, Malachi 1:2-5 presents Edom's punishment as underway. In Malachi 1:2-5, the prophet's disputation uses Edom's devastation as proof to Israel of God's love. The Malachi passage alludes to Obadiah in the process of conveying this message, thereby confirming that Obadiah's message of judgment has begun to come to pass. Similarly, the structural parallels between Obadiah and Amos 9 do more than create an artistic linchpin between two writings. The structural parallels draw attention to the common fate of the two neighboring countries, conceptualized by Judah as its closest kin. ..."
James Nogalski, The Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary: Hosea-Jonah (Macon, GA: Smyth & Helwys, 2011), 378.
"... Nogalski confidently claims that "Malachi 1:2-5 explicitly takes up the book of Obadiah." Nogalski believes that Edom's resolve to rebuild "plays off Obadiah 3-4"; for him, the language "alludes quite clearly" to Obadiah 4. He thinks that, although the eponymous name Esau ultimately derives from the Genesis traditions, its rarity in the prophetic literature (only Jeremiah 49:8, 10 and Obadiah 6, 8, 9, 18, 19, 21) introduces the possibility that Malachi may be alluding to Jeremiah or Obadiah. Nogalski opts for Obadiah over Jeremiah on the basis of the transmission history of The Twelve and also the topographical connectors — "his mountains" (Malachi 1:3) and "Mount Esau" (Obadiah 8, 18) — which describe Edom's terrain and which are exclusive to these two texts. ..."
Jonathan Gibson, Covenant Continuity and Fidelity: A Study of Inner-Biblical Allusion and Exegesis in Malachi, LHBOTS 625 (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2016), 55–56.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Obadiah 1:2 and Malachi 1:3

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