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Malachi

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message to Israel through Malachi:⁠ 2 “I have shown love to you,” says the Lord, but you say, “How have you shown love to us?” “Esau was Jacob’s brother,” the Lord explains, “yet I chose Jacob⁠ 3 and rejected Esau. I turned Esau’s mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals.”⁠ 4 Edom says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased. 5 Your eyes will see it, and then you will say, ‘May the Lord be magnified even beyond the border of Israel!’” 6 “A son naturally honors his father and a slave respects his master. If I am your father, where is my honor?⁠ If I am your master, where is my respect?⁠ The Lord of Heaven’s Armies asks you this, you priests who make light of my name! But you reply, ‘How have we made light of your name?’⁠ 7 You are offering improper sacrifices on my altar, yet you ask, ‘How have we offended you?’ By treating the table of the Lord as if it is of no importance. 8 For when you offer blind animals as a sacrifice, is that not wrong? And when you offer the lame and sick, is that not wrong as well? Indeed, try offering them to your governor! Will he be pleased with you or show you favor?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 9 “But now plead for God’s favor that he might be gracious to us.” “With this kind of offering in your hands, how can he be pleased with you?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 10 “I wish that one of you would close the temple doors, so that you no longer would light useless fires on my altar. I am not pleased with you,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and I will no longer accept an offering from you. 11 For from the east to the west my name will be great among the nations.⁠ Incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name everywhere, for my name will be great among the nations,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 12 “But you are profaning it by saying that the table of the Lord is common and its offerings despicable. 13 You also say, ‘How tiresome it is.’ You turn up your nose at it,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies,⁠ “and instead bring what is stolen, lame, or sick. You bring these things for an offering! Should I accept this from you?” asks the Lord. 14 “There will be harsh condemnation for the hypocrite who has a valuable male animal in his flock but vows and sacrifices something inferior to the Lord. For I am a great king,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, “and my name is awesome among the nations.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Malachi 1:2 and Jubilees 35:14

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Malachi gives God’s verdict that Esau is rejected and Edom’s hills left a wasteland. Jubilees moves that judgment earlier, having Isaac say that Esau and his line will be uprooted from the earth for abandoning the God of Abraham.

Passages

Malachi 1:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message to Israel through Malachi: 2 “I have shown love to you,” says the Lord, but you say, “How have you shown love to us?” “Esau was Jacob’s brother,” the Lord explains, “yet I chose Jacob 3 and rejected Esau. I turned Esau’s mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals.” 4 Edom says, “Though we are devastated, we will once again build the ruined places.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies responds, “They indeed may build, but I will overthrow. They will be known as the land of evil, the people with whom the Lord is permanently displeased.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Malachi

Jubilees 35:14

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
13 And Isaac said to her: 'I, too, know and see the deeds of Jacob who is with us, how with all his heart he honors us and carries out our wishes; but I loved Esau more than Jacob, because he was the firstborn; but now I love Jacob more than Esau, for he has done many evil deeds, and there is no righteousness in him, for all his ways are unrighteousness and violence, [and there is no righteousness around him.] 14 And now my heart is troubled because of all his deeds, and neither he nor his descendants are to be saved, for they are those who will be destroyed from the earth and who will be rooted out from under heaven, for he has abandoned the God of Abraham and gone after his wives and after their impurity and after their error, he and his children. 15 And you ask me to make him swear that he will not kill Jacob his brother; even if he swears he will not keep his oath, and he will not do good but evil only.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... Resort to the verb 'hate' in connection with Jacob and Esau reminds one of Malachi 1:2-3: 'I have loved you, says the Lord. But you say, "How have you loved us?" Is not Esau Jacob's brother? Says the Lord. Yet I have loved Jacob but I have hated Esau; I have made his hill country a desolation and his heritage a desert for jackals.' If Jacob hated Esau, he would be doing no more than what the Lord himself did. Yet in the narrative of Jubilees there is no evidence that Jacob hated Esau or his sons. True, he had threatened to kill Esau if he tried to dispatch him (27:4), but Jacob had maintained good relations with his brother (29:13) and had sworn to his mother: 'Trust me that nothing bad against Esau will come from me or my sons. I will not be first except in love only' (35:26). ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 984.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Malachi 1:2 and Jubilees 35:14

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