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LXX Ruth

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 1

1 And when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land: and a man went from Bethlehem Judah to stay in the land of Moab, he, and his wife, and his sons. 2 And the man's name was Abimelech, and his wife's name Naomi, and the names of his two sons Mahlon and Chilion, Ephrathites of Bethlehem of Judah: and they came to the land of Moab, and remained there. 3 And Abimelech the husband of Naomi died; and she was left, and her two sons. 4 And they took to themselves wives, women of Moab; the name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the second Ruth; and they lived there about ten years. 5 And both Mahlon and Chilion died also; and the woman was left of her husband and her two sons. 6 And she rose up and her two daughters-in-law, and they returned out of the country of Moab, for they heard in the country of Moab that the Lord had visited his people to give them bread. 7 And she went forth out of the place where she was, and her two daughters-in-law with her: and they went by the way to return to the land of Judah. 8 And Naomi said to her daughters-in-law, Go now, return each to the house of her mother: the Lord deal mercifully with you, as you have dealt with the dead, and with me. 9 The Lord grant you that you may find rest each of you in the house of her husband: and she kissed them; and they lifted up their voice, and wept. 10 And they said to her, We will return with you to your people. 11 And Naomi said, Return now, my daughters; and why do you go with me? have I yet sons in my womb to be your husbands? 12 Turn now, my daughters, for I am too old to be married: for I said, Suppose I were married, and should bear sons;⁠ 13 would you wait for them till they should be grown? or would you refrain from being married for their sakes? Not so, my daughters; for I am grieved for you, that the hand of the Lord has gone forth against me. 14 And they lifted up their voice, and wept again; and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law and returned to her people; but Ruth followed her. 15 And Naomi said to Ruth, Look, your sister-in-law has returned to her people and to her gods;⁠ turn now you also after your sister-in-law. 16 And Ruth said, Do not urge me to leave you, or to return from following you; for wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God. 17 And wherever you die, I will die, and there I will be buried: the Lord do so to me, and more also, for death only shall divide between me and you. 18 And Naomi seeing that she was determined to go with her, ceased to speak to her any more. 19 And they went both of them until they came to Bethlehem: and all the city rang with them, and they said, Is this Naomi? 20 And she said to them, No, do not call me Naomi; call me Bitter, for the Sufficient One has dealt very bitterly with me.⁠ 21 I went out full, and the Lord has brought me back empty: and why do you call me Naomi, whereas the Lord has humbled me and the Sufficient One has afflicted me? 22 So Naomi and Ruth the Moabite, her daughter-in-law, returned from the country of Moab; and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ruth 1:15 and LXX Ruth 1:15

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Ruth, Orpah turns back to her people and ‘her god,’ an ambiguous word. The Greek Septuagint translates this as ‘her gods,’ marking Orpah a worshipper of many gods and emphasizing her contrast with Ruth.

Passages

Ruth 1:15

Hebrew Bible
14 Again they wept loudly. Then Orpah kissed her mother-in-law goodbye, but Ruth clung tightly to her. 15 So Naomi said, “Look, your sister-in-law is returning to her people and to her god. Follow your sister-in-law back home!” 16 But Ruth replied, “Stop urging me to abandon you! For wherever you go, I will go. Wherever you live, I will live. Your people will become my people, and your God will become my God.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ruth

LXX Ruth 1:15

Septuagint
14 And they lifted up their voice, and wept again; and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law and returned to her people; but Ruth followed her. 15 And Naomi said to Ruth, Look, your sister-in-law has returned to her people and to her gods; turn now you also after your sister-in-law. 16 And Ruth said, Do not urge me to leave you, or to return from following you; for wherever you go, I will go, and wherever you lodge, I will lodge; your people shall be my people, and your God my God.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Ruth

References

... The reading in Ruth 1:15 of the ambiguous Hebrew (singular or plural 'gods') is given specification in identifying the gods, to whom Orpah returns, clearly in the plural (πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς αὐτῆς 'to her gods'). Unlike her polytheistic sister-in-law Ruth endorses the God of her mother in the singular ('your God my God'; Ruth 1:16; compare Ruth 2:12). The God of Israel is nowhere explicitly referred to in the singular, but is referenced in the rare translation of the Hebrew divine title 'Shaddai' as 'the sufficient one' (ὁ ἱκανός, Ruth 1:20, 21), arises from the derivation of the Hebrew word on the basis of Aramaic ד + ש 'which [is] sufficient'. ...
Eberhard Bons, “Ruth,” in The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, ed. James K. Aitken, Bloomsbury Companions (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 124.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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