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LXX Psalms

Septuagint

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Psalm 2

1 Why did the pagan nations rage, and the nations devise vain things?⁠ 2 The kings of the earth stood up, and the rulers gathered themselves together, against the Lord, and against his Christ; Pause. 3 saying, Let us break through their bonds, and cast away their yoke from us. 4 He that dwells in the heavens shall laugh them to scorn, and the Lord shall mock them. 5 Then he will speak to them in his anger, and trouble them in his fury. 6 But I have been made king by him on Zion his holy mountain, 7 declaring the ordinance of the Lord: the Lord said to me, You are my Son, today I have begotten you. 8 Ask of me, and I will give you the pagan nations for your inheritance, and the ends of the earth for your possession.⁠ 9 You shall rule them with a rod of iron; you shall dash them in pieces as a potter's vessel.⁠ 10 Now therefore understand, you kings: be instructed, all you that judge the earth. 11 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice in him with trembling. 12 Accept correction, for fear that the Lord might be angry, and you should perish from the righteous way: whenever his fierce anger shall be suddenly kindled, blessed are all they that trust in him.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Psalms 2:9 and Revelation 12:5

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation’s image of a child destined to rule with an iron rod is based on Psalm 2, where a royal figure receives authority to conquer the nations. In Psalm 2, the image portrays a king’s divine appointment and power over his enemies.

Passages

LXX Psalms 2:9

Septuagint
7 declaring the ordinance of the Lord: the Lord said to me, You are my Son, today I have begotten you. 8 Ask of me, and I will give you the pagan nations for your inheritance, and the ends of the earth for your possession. 9 You shall rule them with a rod of iron; you shall dash them in pieces as a potter's vessel. 10 Now therefore understand, you kings: be instructed, all you that judge the earth. 11 Serve the Lord with fear, and rejoice in him with trembling.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Psalms

Revelation 12:5

New Testament
3 Then another sign appeared in heaven: a huge red dragon that had seven heads and ten horns, and on its heads were seven diadem crowns. 4 Now the dragon’s tail swept away a third of the stars in heaven and hurled them to the earth. Then the dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that he might devour her child as soon as it was born. 5 So the woman gave birth to a son, a male child, who is going to rule over all the nations with an iron rod. Her child was suddenly caught up to God and to his throne, 6 and she fled into the wilderness where a place had been prepared for her by God, so she could be taken care of for 1,260 days. 7 Then war broke out in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The dragon is not passive. but he is patiently waiting for the arrival of the third major character (Revelation 12:4b). Verse 5 gives a brief statement about this person, he is 'a son, a male child, who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron ...' This allusion to Psalm 2 makes the readers/hearers think of Messiah. This concept is expanded in Revelation 12:5b. where it is stated that the child 'was caught up to God and to his throne.' Here is the enthronement of God's promised Messiah. It apparently happens so fast that the dragon does not even have a chance to respond ..."
Leo R. Percer, “The War in Heaven: Michael and Messiah in Revelation 12” (PhD diss., Baylor University, 1999), 72.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Psalms 2:9 and Revelation 12:5

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