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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 30

1 My son, reverence my words, and receive them, and repent. These things says the man to those who trust in God; and I cease. 2 For I am the most simple of all men, and there is not in me the wisdom of men. 3 God has taught me wisdom, and I know the knowledge of the holy. 4 Who has gone up to heaven, and come down? who has gathered the winds in his bosom? who has wrapped up the waters in a garment? who has dominion of all the ends of the earth? what is his name? or what is the name of his children, that you may know? 5 For all the words of God are tried in the fire, and he defends those that reverence him. 6 Do not add to his words, for fear that he might reprove you, and you be made a liar. 7 Two things I ask of you; do not take favor from me before I die. 8 Remove far from me vanity and falsehood: and do not give me wealth or poverty; but appoint me what is needful and sufficient: 9 for fear that I might be filled and become false, and say, Who sees me? or be poor and steal, and swear vainly by the name of God. 10 Do not deliver a servant into the hands of his master, for fear that he might curse you, and you be utterly destroyed. 11 A wicked generation curse their father, and do not bless their mother. 12 A wicked generation judge themselves to be just, but do not cleanse their way. 13 A wicked generation have lofty eyes, and exalt themselves with their eyelids. 14 A wicked generation have swords for teeth and jaw-teeth as knives, so as to destroy and devour the lowly from the earth, and the poor of them from among men. 15 The horse-leech had three dearly-beloved daughters: and these three did not satisfy her; and the fourth was not contented so as to say, Enough. 16 Hades, and the love of a woman, and Tartarus, and the earth not filled with water;⁠ water also and fire will not say, It is enough.⁠ 17 The eye that laughs to scorn a father, and dishonors the old age of a mother, let the ravens of the valleys pick it out, and let the young eagles devour it. 18 Moreover there are three things impossible for me to comprehend, and the fourth I do not know: 19 the track of a flying eagle; and the ways of a serpent on a rock; and the paths of a ship passing through the sea; and the ways of a man in youth. 20 Such is the way of an adulterous woman, who having washed herself from what she has done, says she has done nothing amiss. 21 By three things the earth is troubled, and the fourth it cannot bear: 22 if a servant reign; or a fool be filled with food; 23 or if a maid-servant should cast out her own mistress; and if a hateful woman should marry a good man. 24 And there are four very little things upon the earth, but these are wiser than the wise: 25 the ants which are weak, and yet prepare their food in summer; 26 the rabbits also are a feeble race, who make their houses in the rocks. 27 The locusts have no king, and yet march orderly at one command. 28 And the eft, which supports itself by its hands, and is easily taken, dwells in the fortresses of kings. 29 And there are three things which go well, and a fourth which passes along finely. 30 A lion's cub, stronger than all other beasts, which does not turn away, nor fears any beast; 31 and a cock walking in boldly among the hens, and a goat leading the herd; and a king publicly speaking before a nation. 32 If you abandon yourself to mirth, and stretch forth your hand in a quarrel, you shall be disgraced. 33 Milk out milk, and there shall be butter, and if you wring one's nostrils there shall come out blood: so if you extort words, there will come forth quarrels and strifes.

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Compare Proverbs 30:16 and LXX Proverbs 30:16

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Proverbs 30 names four things that are never satisfied, starting with Sheol. The Greek Septuagint translation replaces it with Tartarus, the underworld prison from Greek mythology, showing how the translators incorporated Greek ideas.

Passages

Proverbs 30:16

Hebrew Bible
15 The leech has two daughters: “Give! Give!” There are three things that will never be satisfied, four that have never said, “Enough”— 16 the grave, the barren womb; earth has not been satisfied with water; and fire has never said, “Enough!” 17 The eye that mocks at a father and despises obeying a mother—the ravens of the valley will peck it out, and the young vultures will eat it.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

LXX Proverbs 30:16

Septuagint
15 The horse-leech had three dearly-beloved daughters: and these three did not satisfy her; and the fourth was not contented so as to say, Enough. 16 Hades, and the love of a woman, and Tartarus, and the earth not filled with water; water also and fire will not say, It is enough. 17 The eye that laughs to scorn a father, and dishonors the old age of a mother, let the ravens of the valleys pick it out, and let the young eagles devour it.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

References

"... The Septuagint (also called the LXX), the translation of Hebrew scriptures into Greek first carried out in the third century BCE, indicates that some Jews during the period were textual scholars who had a sophisticated mastery of both Hebrew and Greek. They were also familiar with Greek culture. Occasionally a LXX translator appeals, for example, to Greek myth to make a Hebrew idiom intelligible. Whereas Sheol, for instance, is the common name for the underworld in the Hebrew Bible, it is called Tartarus in the Greek versions of Proverbs and the book of Job (LXX Proverbs 30:16; Job. 40:20; 41:32). This is the name of the underworld in Greek myth (Hesiod, Theogony 726–825) ..."
Matthew Goff, “Scribes and Pedagogy in Ancient Israel and Second Temple Judaism,” in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Samuel L. Adams and Matthew J. Goff (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2020), 195–212.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 30:16 and LXX Proverbs 30:16

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