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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 30

1 My son, reverence my words, and receive them, and repent. These things says the man to those who trust in God; and I cease. 2 For I am the most simple of all men, and there is not in me the wisdom of men. 3 God has taught me wisdom, and I know the knowledge of the holy. 4 Who has gone up to heaven, and come down? who has gathered the winds in his bosom? who has wrapped up the waters in a garment? who has dominion of all the ends of the earth? what is his name? or what is the name of his children, that you may know? 5 For all the words of God are tried in the fire, and he defends those that reverence him. 6 Do not add to his words, for fear that he might reprove you, and you be made a liar. 7 Two things I ask of you; do not take favor from me before I die. 8 Remove far from me vanity and falsehood: and do not give me wealth or poverty; but appoint me what is needful and sufficient: 9 for fear that I might be filled and become false, and say, Who sees me? or be poor and steal, and swear vainly by the name of God. 10 Do not deliver a servant into the hands of his master, for fear that he might curse you, and you be utterly destroyed. 11 A wicked generation curse their father, and do not bless their mother. 12 A wicked generation judge themselves to be just, but do not cleanse their way. 13 A wicked generation have lofty eyes, and exalt themselves with their eyelids. 14 A wicked generation have swords for teeth and jaw-teeth as knives, so as to destroy and devour the lowly from the earth, and the poor of them from among men. 15 The horse-leech had three dearly-beloved daughters: and these three did not satisfy her; and the fourth was not contented so as to say, Enough. 16 Hades, and the love of a woman, and Tartarus, and the earth not filled with water;⁠ water also and fire will not say, It is enough.⁠ 17 The eye that laughs to scorn a father, and dishonors the old age of a mother, let the ravens of the valleys pick it out, and let the young eagles devour it. 18 Moreover there are three things impossible for me to comprehend, and the fourth I do not know: 19 the track of a flying eagle; and the ways of a serpent on a rock; and the paths of a ship passing through the sea; and the ways of a man in youth. 20 Such is the way of an adulterous woman, who having washed herself from what she has done, says she has done nothing amiss. 21 By three things the earth is troubled, and the fourth it cannot bear: 22 if a servant reign; or a fool be filled with food; 23 or if a maid-servant should cast out her own mistress; and if a hateful woman should marry a good man. 24 And there are four very little things upon the earth, but these are wiser than the wise: 25 the ants which are weak, and yet prepare their food in summer; 26 the rabbits also are a feeble race, who make their houses in the rocks. 27 The locusts have no king, and yet march orderly at one command. 28 And the eft, which supports itself by its hands, and is easily taken, dwells in the fortresses of kings. 29 And there are three things which go well, and a fourth which passes along finely. 30 A lion's cub, stronger than all other beasts, which does not turn away, nor fears any beast; 31 and a cock walking in boldly among the hens, and a goat leading the herd; and a king publicly speaking before a nation. 32 If you abandon yourself to mirth, and stretch forth your hand in a quarrel, you shall be disgraced. 33 Milk out milk, and there shall be butter, and if you wring one's nostrils there shall come out blood: so if you extort words, there will come forth quarrels and strifes.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Proverbs 30:16 and 2 Peter 2:4

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

2 Peter refers to Tartarus from Greek mythology for the place where fallen angels are kept, based on 1 Enoch. The Greek Septuagint translation of Proverbs also uses Tartarus, showing that the idea was already part of Hellenistic Jewish tradition.

Passages

LXX Proverbs 30:16

Septuagint
14 A wicked generation have swords for teeth and jaw-teeth as knives, so as to destroy and devour the lowly from the earth, and the poor of them from among men. 15 The horse-leech had three dearly-beloved daughters: and these three did not satisfy her; and the fourth was not contented so as to say, Enough. 16 Hades, and the love of a woman, and Tartarus, and the earth not filled with water; water also and fire will not say, It is enough. 17 The eye that laughs to scorn a father, and dishonors the old age of a mother, let the ravens of the valleys pick it out, and let the young eagles devour it. 18 Moreover there are three things impossible for me to comprehend, and the fourth I do not know:
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

2 Peter 2:4

New Testament
3 And in their greed they will exploit you with deceptive words. Their condemnation pronounced long ago is not sitting idly by; their destruction is not asleep. 4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but threw them into Tartarus16 and locked them up in chains in utter darkness, to be kept until the judgment, 5 and if he did not spare the ancient world, but did protect Noah, a herald of righteousness, along with seven others, when God brought a flood on an ungodly world,
120–130 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Peter

References

"... The verbs “to cast into Tartarus,” and were almost always used with reference to the early Greek theogonic myths, in which the ancient giants, the Cyclopes and Titans, were imprisoned in Tartarus, the lowest part of the underworld, by Uranos, Kronos and Zeus. They are not used in the Greek version of 1 Enoch; though τάρταρος (“Tartarus”) is used of the place of divine punishment in 1 Enoch 20:2, as elsewhere in Jewish Greek literature (LXX Job 40:20; 41:24; Proverbs 30:16; Sibylline Oracles 4:186; Philo, Life of Moses 2.433). But Hellenistic Jews were aware that the Greek myth of the Titans had some similarity to the fall of the Watchers (though Philo, Gig. 58, rejects any comparison). Sometimes the Watchers’ sons, the giants (the Nephilim), were compared with the Titans (Josephus, Antiquities 1.73; compare LXX Ezekiel 32:27; Sirach 16:7) but in Judith 16:6 (and also the Christian passage Sibylline Oracles 2:231) the Watchers themselves seem to be called τιτᾶνες (“Titans”). Thus in using a term reminiscent of the Greek myth of the Titans the author of 2 Peter follows Hellenistic Jewish practice ..."
Richard Bauckham, Word Biblical Commentary: Jude-2 Peter (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983), 249–250.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Proverbs 30:16 and 2 Peter 2:4

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