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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 3

1 My son, do not forget my laws; but let your heart keep my words: 2 for length of existence, and years of life, and peace, they will add to you. 3 Let not mercy and truth forsake you; but bind them about your neck: so you will find favor: 4 and provide things honorable in the sight of the Lord, and of men. 5 Trust in God with all your heart; and do not be exalted in your own wisdom. 6 In all your ways acquaint yourself with her, that she may rightly direct your paths, and your foot shall not stumble. 7 Do not be wise in your own conceit; but fear God, and depart from all evil. 8 Then shall there be health to your body, and good keeping to your bones. 9 Honor the Lord with your just labors, and give him the first of your fruits of righteousness: 10 that your storehouses may be completely filled with grain, and that your presses may burst forth with wine. 11 My son, do not despise the chastening of the Lord; nor faint when you are rebuked by him:⁠ 12 for whom the Lord loves, he rebukes, and scourges every son whom he receives. 13 Blessed is the man who has found wisdom, and the mortal who knows prudence. 14 For it is better to traffic for her, than for treasures of gold and silver. 15 And she is more valuable than precious stones:⁠ no evil thing shall resist her: she is well known to all that approach her,⁠ and no precious thing is equal to her in value. 16 For length of existence and years of life are in her right hand; and in her left hand are wealth and glory: 16a out of her mouth proceeds righteousness, and she carries law and mercy upon her tongue. 17 Her ways are good ways, and all her paths are peaceful. 18 She is a tree of life to all that lay hold upon her; and she is a secure help to all that stay themselves on her, as on the Lord. 19 God by wisdom founded the earth, and by prudence he prepared the heavens. 20 By understanding were the depths broken up, and the clouds dropped dew. 21 My son, let them not pass from you, but keep my counsel and understanding: 22 that your soul may live, and that there may be grace round your neck; 22a and it shall be health to your flesh, and safety to your bones: 23 that you may go confidently in peace in all your ways, and that your foot may not stumble. 24 For if you rest, you shall be undismayed; and if you sleep, you shall slumber sweetly. 25 And you shall not be afraid of alarm coming upon you, neither of approaching attacks of ungodly men. 26 For the Lord shall be over all your ways, and shall establish your foot that you are not moved. 27 Do not hesitate to do good to the poor, whenever your hand may have power to help him. 28 Do not say, Come back another time, tomorrow I will give; while you are able to do him good: for you do not know what the next day will bring forth. 29 Do not devise evil against your friend, living near you and trusting in you. 30 Do not be ready to quarrel with a man without a cause, for fear that he might do you some harm. 31 Do not bring on the reproaches of bad men, neither do you covet their ways. 32 For every transgressor is unclean before the Lord; neither does he sit among the righteous. 33 The curse of God is in the houses of the ungodly; but the habitations of the just are blessed. 34 The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble.⁠ 35 The wise shall inherit glory; but the ungodly have exalted their own dishonor.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Proverbs 3:34 and 1 Peter 5:5

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

In 1 Peter the statement that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble echoes Proverbs 3, one of several proverbs referenced in the letter. By drawing on Israel's wisdom tradition, 1 Peter connects its teaching to an authoritative tradition.

Passages

LXX Proverbs 3:34

Septuagint
31 Do not bring on the reproaches of bad men, neither do you covet their ways. 32 For every transgressor is unclean before the Lord; neither does he sit among the righteous. 33 The curse of God is in the houses of the ungodly; but the habitations of the just are blessed. 34 The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble. 35 The wise shall inherit glory; but the ungodly have exalted their own dishonor.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

1 Peter 5:5

New Testament
3 And do not lord it over those entrusted to you, but be examples to the flock. 4 Then when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that never fades away. 5 In the same way, you who are younger, be subject to the elders. And all of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another because God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble. 6 And God will exalt you in due time, if you humble yourselves under his mighty hand 7 by casting all your cares on him because he cares for you.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

References

"... A first proverb in 1 Peter occurs in 4:8, where Proverbs 10:12 appears to have been substantially reformulated. Most commentators would call it an allusion or an echo. The rendering is obviously very free, but still too apparent to ignore ... A second proverb occurs in 4:18, which follows Proverbs 11:31 rather closely ... 4:17-18 as a whole illustrates that the way wisdom sayings are applied in 1 Peter, intertwine with eschatological motives. 4:18, without losing its sapiential flavour, has an eschatological touch to it. Verse 17 'For the time has come for judgment to begin with the household of God' may loosely allude to Ezekiel 9:5-6, where God commands concerning his judgment, 'Begin at my sanctuary! So they began with the elders who were in front of the house.' From there the argument proceeds: 'If it begins with us, what will be the end for those who do not obey the gospel of God?' and ends in the question charted above. Wisdom and admonishment are positioned here in view of God’s coming wrath, compare 2:12. A second proverb, 5:5, is an almost citation of Proverbs 3:34, with only the divine name differing. We can therefore suffice with one translation: 'God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble' ..."
Hans van Nes, "Traces of A Three Part Canon underlying 1 Peter" in Riecker, Siegbert (ed.) Das heilige Herz der Tora: Festschrift für Hendrik Koorevaar zu seinem 65. Geburtsatg. (Shaker, 2011), 183–197.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Proverbs 3:34 and 1 Peter 5:5

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