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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

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Chapter 25

1 These are the miscellaneous instructions of Solomon, which the friends of Hezekiah king of Judea copied out. 2 The glory of God conceals a matter: but the glory of a king honors business. 3 Heaven is high, and earth is deep, and a king's heart is unsearchable. 4 Beat the drossy silver, and it shall be made entirely pure. 5 Kill the ungodly from before the king, and his throne shall prosper in righteousness. 6 Do not be boastful in the presence of the king, and do not remain in the places of princes; 7 for it is better for you that it should be said, Come up to me, than that one should humble you in the presence of the prince; speak of that which your eyes have seen. 8 Do not get suddenly into a quarrel, for fear that you might repent at last. Whenever your friend shall reproach you, 9 retreat backward, do not despise him; 10 for fear that your friend might continue to reproach you, so your quarrel and enmity shall not depart, but shall be to you like death. 10a Favor and friendship set a man free; keep these for yourself, for fear that you might be made liable to reproach; but take heed to your ways peaceably.⁠ 11 As a golden apple in a necklace of sardius, so is it to speak a word. 12 In an ear-ring of gold a precious sardius is also set; so is a wise word to an obedient ear. 13 As a fall of snow in the time of harvest is good against heat, so a faithful messenger refreshes those that send him; for he helps the souls of his employers. 14 As winds and clouds and rains are most evident objects, so is he that boasts of a false gift. 15 In longsuffering is prosperity to kings, and a soft tongue breaks the bones. 16 Having found honey, eat only what is enough, for fear that perhaps you be filled, and vomit it up. 17 Enter sparingly into your friend's house, for fear that he might be satiated with your company, and hate you. 18 As a club, and a dagger, and a pointed arrow, so also is a man who bears false witness against his friend. 19 The way of the wicked and the foot of the transgressor shall perish in an evil day. 20 As vinegar is bad for a sore, so trouble befalling the body afflicts the heart. 20a As a moth in a garment, and a worm in wood, so the grief of a man hurts the heart. 21 If your enemy hungers, feed him; if he thirsts, give him drink;⁠ 22 for so doing you shall heap coals of fire upon his head, and the Lord shall reward you with good. 23 The north wind raises clouds; so an impudent face provokes the tongue. 24 It is better to dwell on a corner of the roof, than with a railing woman in an open house. 25 As cold water is agreeable to a thirsting soul, so is a good message from a land far off. 26 As if one should stop a well, and corrupt a spring of water, so is it improper for a righteous man to fall before an ungodly man. 27 It is not good to eat much honey; but it is right to honor venerable sayings. 28 As a city whose walls are broken down, and which is unfortified, so is a man who does anything without counsel.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Proverbs 25:21 and Romans 12:20

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Proverbs 25 teaches to give food and drink to enemies to heap burning coals on their heads, a means of shaming them. In Romans, Paul quotes Proverbs to command non-retaliation and a non-violent approach towards one’s enemies.

Passages

LXX Proverbs 25:21

Septuagint
20 As vinegar is bad for a sore, so trouble befalling the body afflicts the heart. 20a As a moth in a garment, and a worm in wood, so the grief of a man hurts the heart. 21 If your enemy hungers, feed him; if he thirsts, give him drink; 22 for so doing you shall heap coals of fire upon his head, and the Lord shall reward you with good.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

Romans 12:20

New Testament
19 Do not avenge yourselves, dear friends, but give place to God’s wrath, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay,” says the Lord. 20 Rather, if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him a drink; for in doing this you will be heaping burning coals on his head. 21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

... The only actual "antithesis" of this section of the Sermon on the Mount is Matthew 5:43–44: "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.' But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you." No law commands hatred of enemies. On the contrary, Proverbs 25:21 advises, "If your enemies are hungry, give them bread to eat, and if they are thirsty, give them water to drink." Granted, there is a compensatory aspect to this bit of wisdom, for the proverb does indicate that those who do behave in such a beneficent manner toward enemies "will heap coals of fire on their heads, and the Lord will reward you" (25:22). Jesus therefore goes a step beyond the biblical tradition. ...
Amy-Jill Levine, The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 2006), 47.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Proverbs 25:21 and Romans 12:20

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