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LXX Lamentations

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 2

1 ALEPH. How has the Lord darkened in his fierce anger the daughter of Zion! he has cast down the glory of Israel from heaven to earth, and has not remembered the footstool of his feet in the day of his fierce anger. 2 BETH. The Lord has overwhelmed her as in the sea, and has not spared all the beautiful things of Jacob: he has brought down in his fury the strongholds of the daughter of Judah; he has brought them down to the ground; he has profaned her king and her princes. 3 GIMEL. He has broken in his fierce anger all the horn of Israel: he has turned back his right hand from the face of the enemy, and has kindled a flame in Jacob as a fire, and it has devoured all things all around. 4 DALETH. He has bent his bow as an opposing enemy: he has strengthened his right hand as an adversary, and has destroyed all the desirable things of my eyes in the tabernacle of the daughter of Zion: he has poured forth his anger as fire. 5 HE. The Lord has become as an enemy: he has overwhelmed Israel as in the sea, he has overwhelmed all her palaces: he has destroyed her strongholds, and has multiplied the afflicted and humbled ones to the daughter of Judah. 6 VAU. And he has scattered his tabernacle as a vine, he has marred his feast: the Lord has forgotten the feast and the sabbath which he appointed in Zion, and in the fury of his anger has afflicted the king, and priest, and prince. 7 ZAIN. The Lord has rejected his altar, he has cast off his sanctuary, he has broken by the hand of the enemy the wall of her palaces; they have uttered their voice in the house of the Lord as on a feast day. 8 HETH. And the Lord has turned to destroy the wall of the daughter of Zion: he has stretched out the measuring line, he has not turned back his hand from afflicting her: therefore the bulwark mourned, and the wall was weakened with it. 9 TETH. Her gates have sunk into the ground: he has destroyed and broken to pieces her bars, and her king and her princes among the Gentiles: there is no law, yes, her prophets have seen no vision from the Lord. 10 JOD. The elders of the daughter of Zion have sat upon the ground, they have kept silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have clothed themselves with sackcloths: they have brought down to the ground the chief virgins in Jerusalem. 11 CHAPH. My eyes have failed with tears,⁠ my heart is troubled, my glory is cast down to the ground, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; while the infant and suckling swoon in the streets of the city. 12 LAMED. They said to their mothers, Where is grain and wine? while they fainted like wounded men in the streets of the city, while their souls were poured out into their mothers' bosom. 13 MEM. What shall I testify to you, or what shall I compare to you, daughter of Jerusalem? who shall save and comfort you, virgin daughter of Zion? for the cup of your destruction is enlarged: who shall heal you? 14 NUN. Your prophets have seen for you vanities and folly: and they have not revealed your iniquity, to turn back your captivity; but they have seen for you vain burdens, and worthless visions. 15 SAMECH. All that go by the way have clapped their hands at you; they have hissed and shaken their head at the daughter of Jerusalem. Is this the city, they say, the crown of glory, the joy of all the earth? 16 AIN. All your enemies have opened their mouth against you: they have hissed and gnashed their teeth, and said, We have swallowed her up: moreover this is the day which we looked for; we have found it, we have seen it. 17 PHE. The Lord has done that which he purposed; he has accomplished his word, even the things which he commanded from the ancient days: he has thrown down, and has not spared: and he has caused the enemy to rejoice over you, he has exalted the horn of him that afflicted you. 18 TSADE. Their heart cried to the Lord, You walls of Zion, pour down tears like torrents day and night: give yourself no rest; let not the apple of your eyes cease. 19 KOPH. Arise, rejoice in the night at the beginning of your watch: pour out your heart as water before the face of the Lord; lift up your hands to him for the life of your infants, who faint for hunger at the top of all the streets. 20 RHECHS. Look, Lord, and see for whom you have gathered thus. Shall the women eat the fruit of their womb? the cook has made a gathering: shall the infants sucking at the breasts be killed? will you kill the priest and prophet in the sanctuary of the Lord? 21 CHSEN. The child and old man have lain down in the street: my virgins and my young men have gone into captivity: you have killed them with the sword and with famine; in the day of your fierce anger you have mangled them, you have not spared. 22 THAU. He has called my temporary residents all around to a solemn day, and there was not in the day of the fierce anger of the Lord any one that escaped or was left; whereas I have strengthened and multiplied all my enemies.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Deuteronomy 28:65 and LXX Lamentations 2:11 and Gospel of Thomas 46

Septuagint · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

The Greek Septuagint translation uses failing eyes for distress in Deuteronomy and Lamentations. This idiom may explain an obscure phrase about John's eyes in the Gospel of Thomas, if its Coptic language contains a copying error.

Passages

LXX Deuteronomy 28:65

Septuagint
64 And the Lord your God shall scatter you among all nations, from one end of the earth to the other; and you shall there serve other gods, wood and stone, which you have not known, nor your fathers. 65 Moreover among those nations he will not give you quiet, neither by any means shall the sole of your foot have rest; and the Lord shall give you there a misgiving heart, and failing eyes, and a wasting soul. 66 And your life shall be in suspense before your eyes; and you shall be afraid by day and by night, and you shall have no assurance of your life.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Deuteronomy

LXX Lamentations 2:11

Septuagint
10 JOD. The elders of the daughter of Zion have sat upon the ground, they have kept silence: they have cast up dust upon their heads; they have clothed themselves with sackcloths: they have brought down to the ground the chief virgins in Jerusalem. 11 CHAPH. My eyes have failed with tears, my heart is troubled, my glory is cast down to the ground, for the destruction of the daughter of my people; while the infant and suckling swoon in the streets of the city. 12 LAMED. They said to their mothers, Where is grain and wine? while they fainted like wounded men in the streets of the city, while their souls were poured out into their mothers' bosom.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Lamentations

Gospel of Thomas 46

Nag Hammadi
45 Jesus said, “Grapes are not harvested from thorn trees, nor are figs gathered from thistles; for they do not produce fruit. Good people bring forth good from their treasure; bad people bring forth evil from their evil treasure in their heart and say evil things. For out of the abundance of the heart they bring forth evil.” 46 Jesus said, “From Adam to John the Baptist, among those born of women, no one is greater than John the Baptist so that his eyes should not be averted. Yet I have said that whoever among you will become a child will know the kingdom and will become greater than John.” 47 Jesus said, “It is impossible for a man to mount two horses or to stretch two bows; and it is impossible for a servant to serve two masters, for he will honor the one and treat the other contemptuously. No person drinks old wine and immediately desires to drink new wine. New wine is not put into old wineskins, or they might burst; and old wine is not put into a new wineskin, or it might spoil. An old patch is not sewn onto a new garment, because it would tear.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... The Coptic’s reference to John’s eyes literally breaking [...] is very peculiar. Plisch suggests textual corruption, and it may be that the better sense is ‘eyes failing’, a common biblical idiom referring to a state of being deeply troubled with no comfort: Among those nations you shall find no ease, no resting place for the sole of your foot. There the Lord will give you a trembling heart, failing eyes (ἐκλείποντας ὀφθαλμούς), and a languishing spirit. (Deut. 28.65) My eyes fail from weeping (ἐξέλιπον ἐν δάκρυσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου), I am in torment within, my heart is poured out on the ground because my people are destroyed, because children and infants faint in the streets of the city. (Lam. 2.11) This idiom may be suggested as a possible alternative. [...] An inner-Coptic scribal error would be quite comprehensible [...]. Examples of the biblical-Coptic idiom [...] (‘my eyes have failed’) can be seen in Ps. 68.3/4 and Ps. 119/118.82. It is nevertheless, like all conjectures, a speculation. ...”
Simon Gathercole, The Gospel of Thomas: Introduction and Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 394–395.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Deuteronomy 28:65 and LXX Lamentations 2:11 and Gospel of Thomas 46

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