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LXX Joshua

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 8

1 And the Lord said to Joshua, Do not fear, nor be timorous: take with you all the men of war, and arise, go up to Ai; look, I have given into your hands the king of Ai, and his land. 2 And you shall do to Ai, as you did to Jericho and its king; and you shall take to yourself the captured goods of its cattle; set now for yourself an ambush for the city behind. 3 And Joshua and all the men of war rose to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand mighty men, and he sent them away by night. 4 And he charged them, saying, Lie in ambush behind the city: do not go far from the city, and you shall all be ready. 5 And I and all with me will draw near to the city: and it will happen when the inhabitants of Ai shall come forth to meet us, as before, that we will flee from before them. 6 And when they shall come out after us, we will draw them away from the city; and they will say, These men flee from before us, as also before. 7 And you shall rise up out of the ambuscade, and go into the city. 8 You shall do according to this word, look! I have commanded you. 9 And Joshua sent them, and they went to lie in ambush; and they lay between Bethel and Ai, westward of Ai. 10 And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people; and he went up, he and the elders before the people to Ai. 11 And all the men of war went up with him, and they went forward and came over against the city eastward. 12 And the ambuscade was on the west side of the city.⁠ 13  14 And it happened when the king of Ai saw it, he hastened and went out to meet them direct to the battle, he and all the people that were with him: and he did not know that there was an ambuscade formed against him behind the city. 15 And Joshua and Israel saw, and retreated from before them. 16 And they pursued after the children of Israel, and they themselves went to a distance from the city. 17 There was no one left in Ai who did not pursue after Israel; and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel. 18 And the Lord said to Joshua, Stretch forth your hand with the spear that is in your hand toward the city, for I have delivered it into your hands; and the liers in wait shall rise up quickly out of their place. And Joshua stretched out his hand and his spear toward the city. 19 And the ambuscade rose up quickly out of their place; and they came forth when he stretched out his hand; and they entered into the city, and took it; and they hastened and burnt the city with fire. 20 And when the inhabitants of Ai looked round behind them, then they saw the smoke going up out of the city to heaven, and they were no longer able to flee this way or that way. 21 And Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambuscade had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city went up to heaven; and they turned and struck the men of Ai. 22 And these came forth out of the city to meet them; and they were in the midst of the army, some being on this side, and some on that; and they struck them until there was not left of them one who survived and escaped. 23 And they took the king of Ai alive, and brought him to Joshua. 24 And when the children of Israel had ceased killing all that were in Ai, and in the fields, and in the mountain on the descent, from which they pursued them even to the end, then Joshua returned to Ai, and struck it with the edge of the sword. 25 And they that fell in that day, men and women, were twelve thousand: they killed all the inhabitants of Ai. 26  27 Besides the cattle and the captured goods that were in the city, all things which the children of Israel took as captured goods for themselves according to the command of the Lord, as the Lord commanded Joshua. 28 And Joshua burnt the city with fire: he made it an uninhabited heap for ever, even to this day. 29 And he hanged the king of Ai⁠ on a forked tree; and he remained on the tree till evening: and when the sun went down, Joshua gave charge, and they took down his body from the tree, and cast it into a pit, and they set over him a heap of stones until this day.

Texts in conversation

Compare Joshua 8:12 and LXX Joshua 8:12

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Joshua 8 includes details in the battle at Ai that are not found in the Greek Septuagint. The Masoretic tradition may have edited it based on similar stories like the battle in Judges, so the Greek version likely preserves the original narrative.

Passages

Joshua 8:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Bright and early the next morning Joshua gathered the army, and he and the leaders of Israel marched at the head of it to Ai. 11 All the troops that were with him marched up and drew near the city. They camped north of Ai on the other side of the valley. 12 He took 5,000 men and set an ambush west of the city between Bethel and Ai. 13 The army was in position—the main army north of the city and the rear guard west of the city. That night Joshua went into the middle of the valley. 14 When the king of Ai and all his people saw Israel, they rushed to get up early. Then the king and the men of the city went out to meet Israel in battle, at the meeting place near the rift valley. But he did not realize an ambush was waiting for him behind the city.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

LXX Joshua 8:12

Septuagint
10 And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people; and he went up, he and the elders before the people to Ai. 11 And all the men of war went up with him, and they went forward and came over against the city eastward. 12 And the ambuscade was on the west side of the city. 13 14 And it happened when the king of Ai saw it, he hastened and went out to meet them direct to the battle, he and all the people that were with him: and he did not know that there was an ambuscade formed against him behind the city. 15 And Joshua and Israel saw, and retreated from before them.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Joshua

References

"... The motive behind the alterations would have been the wish to conform to the original story in which the shofar was blown by lay people to the priestly legislation found in Numbers 10.1-10, which reserves this right exclusively for the Aaronide priests (compare Targum Jonathan, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 5:22-23, 27 and the War Scroll). With respect to the story of the fall of Ai (Joshua 8:1-29), she argued (Mazor, ‘Textual’) that the Old Greek version reflects an intermediate stage between the pristine narrative contained in 4QJosha (lacking Joshua 8:14) and the expansionistic Masoretic text (including the pluses vis-à-vis LXX found in Joshua 8:7-8, 9, 12, 13, 15-16, 20 and 26). In her view, the textual accretions resulted from narrative conflation with Judges 20, a narrative with a similar plot. In reaction to these maximalist positions, scholars over the last decade have pointed once more to the interpretative character of the Greek translation. In a careful text-critical analysis of Joshua 6, Bieberstein concluded that most of the major divergences between the Masoretic text and LXX in these chapters are the result of a deliberate restructuring and reformulation by the translator. Although in his view the book has had a very long process of literary formation, there is no overlap between the history of redaction and textual transmission ..."
Michaël N. van der Meer, “Joshua,” in The T&T Clark Companion to the Septuagint, ed. James K. Aitken, Bloomsbury Companions (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015), 86–101.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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