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LXX Job

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 40

1 And the Lord God answered Job, and said, 2 Will any one pervert judgment with the Mighty One? and he that reproves God, let him return it for answer. 3 And Job answered and said to the Lord, 4 Why do I yet plead? being rebuked even while reproving the Lord: hearing such things, whereas I am nothing: and what shall I answer to these arguments? I will lay my hand upon my mouth. 5 I have spoken once; but I will not do so a second time. 6 And the Lord yet again answered and spoke to Job out of the cloud, saying, 7 No, secure your clothing at your waist now like a man; and I will ask you, and answer me.⁠ 8 Do not set aside my judgment: and do you think that I have dealt with you in any other way, than that you might appear to be righteous? 9 Have you an arm like the Lord's? or do you thunder with a voice like his? 10 Assume now a lofty bearing and power; and clothe yourself with glory and honor. 11 And send forth messengers with fierce anger; and lay low every haughty one. 12 Bring down also the proud man; and consume at once the ungodly. 13 And hide them together in the earth outside; and fill their faces with shame. 14 Then I will confess that your right hand can save you. 15 But now look at the wild beasts with you; they eat grass like oxen. 16 Look now, his strength is in his lower back, and his force is in the navel of his belly. 17 He sets up his tail like a cypress; and his nerves are wrapped together. 18 His sides are sides of brass; and his backbone is as cast iron. 19 This is the chief of the creation of the Lord; made to be played with by his angels. 20 And when he has gone up to a steep mountain, he causes joy to the quadrupeds in Tartarus.⁠ 21 He lies under trees of every kind, by the papyrus, and reed, and bulrush. 22 And the great trees make a shadow over him with their branches, and so do the bushes of the field. 23 If there should be a flood, he will not perceive it; he trusts that Jordan will rush up into his mouth. 24 Yet one shall take him in his sight; one shall catch him with a cord, and pierce his nose. 25 But will you catch the serpent with a hook, and put a halter about his nose? 26 Or will you fasten a ring in his nostril, and bore his lip with a clasp? 27 Will he address you with a petition? softly, with the voice of someone pleading? 28 And will he make a covenant with you? and will you take him for a perpetual servant? 29 And will you play with him as with a bird? or bind him as a sparrow for a child? 30 And do the nations feed upon him, and the nations of the Phoenicians share him? 31 And all the ships come together would not be able to bear the mere skin of his tail; neither shall they carry his head in fishing vessels. 32 But you shall lay your hand upon him once, remembering the war that is waged in his body; and let it not be done any more.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Job 40:20 and 2 Peter 2:4

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

The Greek Septuagint translation of Job 40 adds a reference to Tartarus, the prison of Greek mythology. 2 Peter uses this to describe the punishment of angels, based on the Watchers from 1 Enoch, connecting it to Hellenistic Jewish traditions.

Passages

LXX Job 40:20

Septuagint
19 This is the chief of the creation of the Lord; made to be played with by his angels. 20 And when he has gone up to a steep mountain, he causes joy to the quadrupeds in Tartarus. 21 He lies under trees of every kind, by the papyrus, and reed, and bulrush. 22 And the great trees make a shadow over him with their branches, and so do the bushes of the field.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Job

2 Peter 2:4

New Testament
2 And many will follow their debauched lifestyles. Because of these false teachers, the way of truth will be slandered. 3 And in their greed they will exploit you with deceptive words. Their condemnation pronounced long ago is not sitting idly by; their destruction is not asleep. 4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned, but threw them into Tartarus16 and locked them up in chains in utter darkness, to be kept until the judgment, 5 and if he did not spare the ancient world, but did protect Noah, a herald of righteousness, along with seven others, when God brought a flood on an ungodly world, 6 and if he turned to ashes the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah when he condemned them to destruction, having appointed them to serve as an example to future generations of the ungodly,
120–130 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Peter

References

"... The verbs “to cast into Tartarus,” and were almost always used with reference to the early Greek theogonic myths, in which the ancient giants, the Cyclopes and Titans, were imprisoned in Tartarus, the lowest part of the underworld, by Uranos, Kronos and Zeus. They are not used in the Greek version of 1 Enoch; though τάρταρος (“Tartarus”) is used of the place of divine punishment in 1 Enoch 20:2, as elsewhere in Jewish Greek literature (LXX Job 40:20; 41:24; Proverbs 30:16; Sibylline Oracles 4:186; Philo, Life of Moses 2.433). But Hellenistic Jews were aware that the Greek myth of the Titans had some similarity to the fall of the Watchers (though Philo, Gig. 58, rejects any comparison). Sometimes the Watchers’ sons, the giants (the Nephilim), were compared with the Titans (Josephus, Antiquities 1.73; compare LXX Ezekiel 32:27; Sirach 16:7) but in Judith 16:6 (and also the Christian passage Sibylline Oracles 2:231) the Watchers themselves seem to be called τιτᾶνες (“Titans”). Thus in using a term reminiscent of the Greek myth of the Titans the author of 2 Peter follows Hellenistic Jewish practice ..."
Richard Bauckham, Word Biblical Commentary: Jude-2 Peter (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983), 249–250.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Job 40:20 and 2 Peter 2:4

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