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LXX Job

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 39

1 Say if you know the time of the bringing forth of the wild goats of the rock, and if you have marked the calving of the hinds: 2 and if you have numbered the full months of their being with young, and if you have relieved their pangs: 3 and have reared their young without fear; and will you loosen their pangs? 4 Their young will break forth; they will be multiplied with offspring: their young will go forth, and will not return to them. 5 And who is he that sent forth the wild donkey free? and who loosed his bands? 6 whereas I made his habitation the wilderness, and the salt land his coverts. 7 He laughs to scorn the multitude of the city, and does not hear the chiding of the tax-gatherer. 8 He will survey the mountains as his pasture, and he seeks after every green thing. 9 And will the unicorn be willing to serve you, or to lie down at your manger? 10 And will you bind his yoke with thongs, or will he plow furrows for you in the plain? 11 And do you trust him, because his strength is great? and will you commit your works to him? 12 And will you believe that he will return to you your seed, and bring it in to your threshing floor? 13 The peacock has a beautiful wing: if the stork and the ostrich conceive, it is worthy of notice, 14 for the ostrich will leave her eggs in the ground, and warm them on the dust, 15 and has forgotten that the foot will scatter them, and the wild beasts of the field trample them. 16 She has hardened herself against her young ones, as though she did not bereave herself: she labors in vain without fear. 17 For God has withheld wisdom from her, and not given her a portion in understanding. 18 In her season she will lift herself on high; she will scorn the horse and his rider. 19 Have you invested the horse with strength, and clothed his neck with terror? 20 And have you clad him in perfect armor, and made his breast glorious with courage? 21 He paws exulting in the plain, and goes forth in strength into the plain. 22 He laughs to scorn a dart as he meets it, and will by no means turn back from the sword. 23 The bow and sword resound against him; 24 and his rage will swallow up the ground, and he will not believe until the trumpet sounds. 25 And when the trumpet sounds, he says, Aha! and afar off he smells the war with prancing and neighing. 26 And does the hawk remain steady by your wisdom, having spread out her wings unmoved, looking toward the region of the south? 27 And does the eagle rise at your command, and the vulture remain sitting over his nest, 28 on a crag of a rock, and in a secret place? 29 From there he seeks food, his eyes observe from far. 30 And his young ones roll themselves in blood, and wherever the carcasses may be, immediately they are found.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Job 39:30 and Matthew 24:28

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Job 39 shows birds of prey gathering at a carcass, and Matthew 24 uses the same picture of vultures around a corpse. Both reflect a common saying drawn from nature and use it to show how some events unfold with inevitability.

Passages

LXX Job 39:30

Septuagint
26 And does the hawk remain steady by your wisdom, having spread out her wings unmoved, looking toward the region of the south? 27 And does the eagle rise at your command, and the vulture remain sitting over his nest, 28 on a crag of a rock, and in a secret place? 29 From there he seeks food, his eyes observe from far. 30 And his young ones roll themselves in blood, and wherever the carcasses may be, immediately they are found.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Job

Matthew 24:28

New Testament
26 So then, if someone says to you, ‘Look, he is in the wilderness,’ do not go out, or ‘Look, he is in the inner rooms,’ do not believe him. 27 For just like the lightning comes from the east and flashes to the west, so the coming of the Son of Man will be. 28 Wherever the corpse is, there the vultures will gather. 29 “Immediately after the suffering of those days, the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from heaven, and the powers of heaven will be shaken. 30 Then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in heaven, and all the tribes of the earth will mourn. They will see the Son of Man arriving on the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Matthew's equivalent to verse 37 comes immediately after his equivalent to verse 24, and this is generally considered to be the positioning in the shared tradition. The introductory question looks like a Lukan formulation (despite the historic present) designed to assist with his relocation of the maxim to the climactic position in his unit. The small wording differences are likely to be Luke's. The disciples' question is most easily understood to be asking where the people of verses 34-35 were to be taken. Luke's climax is graphic, but obscure. Though the image is rather gruesome, in the present setting it is likely to represent the gathering to the Son of Man of those to be delivered (see 21:28; compare verse 27): they will be gathered to him like eagles / vultures to the prey upon which they will feast. For this, Luke may have been more comfortable with ("body," than with "corpse," which is found in Matthew (though it often enough used of a corpse in Hellenistic Greek and is so used by Luke [23:52, 55; 24:3, 23; Acts 9:40]). Aetos is normally "eagle," but because in the Matthew parallel (24:28) the corpse represents food for the birds (compare Job 39:30 LXX), the reference in this maxim is more likely to be to vultures ..."
John Nolland, Word Biblical Commentary: Luke 9:21 - 18:34 (Dallas: Word, 2008), 862–863.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Job 39:30 and Matthew 24:28

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