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LXX Jeremiah

Septuagint

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Chapter 27

1 THE WORD OF THE LORD WHICH HE SPOKE AGAINST BABYLON. 2 Proclaim among the Gentiles, and cause the news to be heard, and suppress them not: say, Babylon is taken, Bel is confounded; the fearless, the luxurious Merodach is delivered up. 3 For a nation has come up against her from the north, he shall utterly ravage her land, and there shall be none to dwell in it, neither man nor beast. 4 In those days, and at that time, the children of Israel shall come, they and the children of Judah together; they shall proceed, weeping as they go, seeking the Lord their God. 5 They shall ask the way till they come to Zion, for that way they will set their face; and they shall come and flee for refuge to the Lord God; for the everlasting covenant shall not be forgotten. 6 My people have been lost sheep: their shepherds thrust them out, they caused them to wander on the mountains: they went from mountain to hill, they forgot their resting-place. 7 All that found them consumed them: their enemies said, Let us not leave them alone, because they have sinned against the Lord: he that gathered their fathers had a pasture of righteousness. 8 Flee out of the midst of Babylon, and from the land of the Chaldeans, and go forth, and be as serpents before sheep. 9 For, look, I stir up against Babylon the gatherings of nations out of the land of the north; and they shall set themselves in array against her: from there she will be taken, as the dart of an expert warrior shall not return empty. 10 And Chaldea shall be plunder: all that plunder her shall be satisfied. 11 Because you rejoiced, and boasted, while plundering my heritage; because you exulted as calves in the grass, and pushed with the horn as bulls. 12 Your mother is greatly ashamed, a mother for prosperity: she is the last of the nations, desolate, 13 by reason of the Lord's anger: it shall not be inhabited, but it shall be all a desolation; and every one that passes through Babylon shall scowl, and they shall hiss at all her plague. 14 Set yourselves in array against Babylon all around, all you that bend the bow; shoot at her, do not spare your arrows, 15 and prevail against her: her hands are weakened, her bulwarks have fallen, and her wall is broken down: for it is vengeance from God: take vengeance upon her; as she has done, do to her. 16 Utterly destroy seed out of Babylon, and him that holds a sickle in time of harvest: for fear of the Grecian sword, they shall return every one to his people, and every one shall flee to his own land. 17 Israel is a wandering sheep; the lions have driven him out: the king of Assyria first devoured him, and afterward this king of Babylon has gnawed his bones. 18 Therefore thus says the Lord; Look, I will take vengeance on the king of Babylon, and upon his land, as I took vengeance on the king of Assyria. 19 And I will restore Israel to his pasture, and he shall feed on Carmel and on mount Ephraim and in Gilead, and his soul shall be satisfied. 20 In those days, and at that time, they shall seek for the iniquity of Israel, and there shall be none; and for the sins of Judah, and they shall not be found: for I will be merciful to those who are left on the land, says the Lord. 21 Go up against it roughly, and against those who dwell on it: avenge, sword, and destroy utterly, says the Lord, and do according to all that I command you. 22 A sound of war, and great destruction in the land of the Chaldeans! 23 How is the hammer of the whole earth broken and crushed! How has Babylon become a desolation among the nations! 24 They shall come upon you, and you shall not know it, Babylon, that you will even be taken captive: you are found and taken, because you resisted the Lord. 25 The Lord has opened his treasury, and brought forth the vessels of his anger:⁠ for the Lord God has a work in the land of the Chaldeans. 26 For her times have come: open her storehouses: search her as a cave, and utterly destroy her: let there be no remnant of her. 27 Dry up all her fruits, and let them go down to the slaughter: woe to them! for their day has come, and the time of their retribution. 28 A voice of men fleeing and escaping from the land of Babylon, to declare to Zion the vengeance that comes from the Lord our God. 29 Summon many against Babylon, even every one that bends the bow: camp against her all around; let no one of her people escape: render to her according to her works; according to all that she has done, do to her: for she has resisted the Lord, the Holy God of Israel. 30 Therefore shall her young men fall in the streets, and all her warriors shall be cast down, says the Lord. 31 Look, I am against you the haughty one, says the Lord: for your day has come, and the time of your retribution. 32 And your pride shall fail, and fall, and there shall be no one to set it up again: and I will kindle a fire in her forest, and it shall devour all things all around her. 33 Thus says the Lord; The children of Israel and the children of Judah have been oppressed: all they that have taken them captive have oppressed them together; for they would not let them go. 34 But their Redeemer is strong; the Lord Almighty is his name: he will enter into judgment with his adversaries, that he may destroy the earth; and he will provoke the inhabitants of Babylon. 35 A sword upon the Chaldeans, and upon the inhabitants of Babylon, and upon her nobles and upon her wise men; 36 a sword upon her warriors, and they shall be weakened: 37 a sword upon their horses, and upon their chariots: a sword upon their warriors and upon the mixed people in the midst of her; and they shall be as women: a sword upon her treasures, and they shall be scattered: 38 she trusted in her water, and they shall be ashamed: for it is a land of carved images; and in the islands, where they boasted. 39 Therefore shall idols dwell in the islands, and the young of monsters shall dwell in it: it shall not be inhabited any more for ever. 40 As God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities bordering upon them, says the Lord: no man shall dwell there, and no son of man shall stay there. 41 Look, a people comes from the north, and a great nation, and many kings shall be stirred up from the end of the earth: 42 holding bow and dagger: the people is fierce, and will have no mercy: their voices shall sound as the sea, they shall ride upon horses, prepared for war, like fire, against you, daughter of Babylon. 43 The king of Babylon heard the sound of them, and his hands were enfeebled: anguish overcame him, pangs as of a woman in labor. 44 Look, he shall come up as a lion from Jordan to the place of Aetham; for I will speedily drive them from her, and I will set all the youths against her: for who is like me? and who will resist me? and who is this shepherd who will stand before me? 45 Therefore hear the counsel of the Lord, which he has taken against Babylon; and his devices, which he has devised upon the Chaldeans inhabiting it: surely lambs of their flock shall be destroyed: surely pasture shall be cut off from them. 46 For at the sound of the taking of Babylon the earth shall quake, and a cry shall be heard among the nations.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Jeremiah 27:25 and Romans 9:22

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Romans 9 uses the Greek Septuagint translation of Jeremiah 27, where God brings out the vessels of his wrath to carry out judgment on Babylon. Paul uses similar imagery to support his argument about how God will redeem Gentiles.

Passages

LXX Jeremiah 27:25

Septuagint
23 How is the hammer of the whole earth broken and crushed! How has Babylon become a desolation among the nations! 24 They shall come upon you, and you shall not know it, Babylon, that you will even be taken captive: you are found and taken, because you resisted the Lord. 25 The Lord has opened his treasury, and brought forth the vessels of his anger: for the Lord God has a work in the land of the Chaldeans. 26 For her times have come: open her storehouses: search her as a cave, and utterly destroy her: let there be no remnant of her. 27 Dry up all her fruits, and let them go down to the slaughter: woe to them! for their day has come, and the time of their retribution.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Jeremiah

Romans 9:22

New Testament
20 But who indeed are you—a mere human being—to talk back to God? Does what is molded say to the molder, “Why have you made me like this?” 21 Has the potter no right to make from the same lump of clay one vessel for special use and another for ordinary use? 22 But what if God, willing to demonstrate his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience the objects of wrath prepared for destruction? 23 And what if he is willing to make known the wealth of his glory on the objects of mercy that he has prepared beforehand for glory— 24 even us, whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... the idea of “enduring” pottery makes little sense—it is unclear what it would mean to “endure” a clay vessel. Such a reading is even more problematic in the context of Paul’s larger argument, as highlighted by John Battle’s complaint: It is difficult to account for the expression Paul uses: God bears with much longsuffering unbelieving Jews, who are fitted for destruction. How does this patience toward the Jews display God’s wrath or power? Would it not be better to say: he judges, punishes, or oppresses vessels of wrath? Μὴ γένοιτο! On the contrary, rather than deriving the sense of ἤνεγκεν from the nearby μακροθυμίᾳ, it helps to recognize that Paul has lifted this phrase—including the verb he nowhere else uses—from Jer 27:25 LXX (MT 50:25), in which God brings out his instruments of wrath with which he will destroy the land of the Chaldeans. The language here is as close to a direct quotation of scripture as appears in 9:19–24 ..."
Jason A. Staples, “Vessels of Wrath and God’s Pathos: Potter/Clay Imagery in Rom 9:20–23,” HTR 115.2 (2022): 1–22.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Jeremiah 27:25 and Romans 9:22

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