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LXX Isaiah

Septuagint

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Chapter 44

1 But now hear, Jacob my servant; and Israel, whom I have chosen. 2 Thus says the Lord God that made you, and he that formed you from the womb; You shall yet be helped: do not fear, my servant Jacob; and beloved Israel, whom I have chosen. 3 For I will give water to the thirsty that walk in a dry land: I will put my Spirit upon your seed, and my blessings upon your children: 4 and they shall spring up as grass between brooks, and as willows on the banks of running water. 5 One shall say, I am God's; and another shall call himself by the name of Jacob; and another shall write, I am God's, in the name of Israel. 6 Thus says God the King of Israel, and the God of hosts that delivered him; I am the first, and I am hereafter: beside me there is no God. 7 Who is like me? let him stand, and call, and prepare for me from the time that I made man for ever; and let them tell you the things that are coming before they arrive. 8 Do not hide yourselves: have you not heard from the beginning, and have not I told you? you are witnesses if there is a God beside me; and they were not then. 9 They that frame and they that grave images are all vain, performing their own desires, which shall not profit them, but they shall be ashamed 10 all that form a god, and that grave worthless things: 11 and all by whom they were made are withered: yes, let all the deaf be gathered from among men, and let them stand together; and let them be ashamed and confounded together: 12 For the artificer sharpens the iron; he fashions the idol with an ax, and fixes it with an awl, and fashions it with the strength of his arm: and he will be hungry and weak, and will drink no water. Having chosen 13 a piece of wood, the artificer marks it out with a rule, and fits it with glue, and makes it as the form of a man, and as the beauty of a man, to set it up in the house. 14 He cuts wood out of the forest, which the Lord planted, and the rain made it grow,⁠ 15 that it might be for men to burn: and having taken part of it he warms himself; yes, they burn part of it, and bake loaves on it; and of the rest they make for themselves gods, and they worship them. 16 Half of it he burns in the fire, and with half of it he bakes loaves on the coals; and having roasted flesh on it he eats, and is satisfied, and having warmed himself he says, I am comfortable, for I have warmed myself, and have seen the fire. 17 And the rest he makes a carved god, and worships, and prays, saying, Deliver me; for you are my God. 18 They have no understanding to perceive; for they have been blinded so that they should not see with their eyes, nor perceive with their heart. 19 And one has not considered in his mind, nor reckoned in his soul, nor known in his understanding, that he has burnt up half of it in the fire, and baked loaves on its coals and has roasted and eaten flesh, and of the rest of it he has made an abomination, and they worship it. 20 Know that their heart is ashes, and they err, and no one is able to deliver his soul: see, you will not say, There is a lie in my right hand. 21 Remember these things, Jacob and Israel; for you are my servant; I have formed you to be my servant: and you, Israel, do not forget me.⁠ 22 For look, I have blotted out as a cloud your transgressions, and your sin as darkness: turn to me, and I will redeem you. 23 Rejoice, you heavens; for God has had mercy upon Israel: sound the trumpet, you foundations of the earth: you mountains, shout with joy, you hills, and all the trees in them: for God has redeemed Jacob, and Israel shall be glorified. 24 Thus says the Lord that redeems you, and who formed you from the womb, I am the Lord that performs all things: I stretched out the heaven alone, and established the earth. Who else 25 will frustrate the tokens of those that have divining spirits, and prophecies from the heart of man? turning the wise back, and making their counsel foolishness;⁠ 26 and confirming the word of his servant, and verifying the counsel of his messengers: who says to Jerusalem, You shall be inhabited; and to the cities of Judea, You shall be built, and her desert places shall spring forth. 27 Who says to the deep, You shall be dried up, and I will dry up your rivers. 28 Who bids Cyrus be wise, and he shall perform all my will: who says to Jerusalem, You shall be built, and I will lay the foundation of my holy house.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 44:14 and LXX Isaiah 44:14

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Isaiah 44 describes a man cutting down trees, including cedars, for daily use and for idols. The Greek Septuagint changes the word for “cedar” to a word that resembles it in Hebrew but means “Lord,” likely due to confusion during translation.

Passages

Isaiah 44:14

Hebrew Bible
13 A carpenter takes measurements; he marks out an outline of its form; he scrapes it with chisels and marks it with a compass. He patterns it after the human form, like a well-built human being, and puts it in a shrine. 14 He cuts down cedars and acquires a cypress or an oak. He gets trees from the forest; he plants a cedar and the rain makes it grow. 15 A man uses it to make a fire; he takes some of it and warms himself. Yes, he kindles a fire and bakes bread. Then he makes a god and worships it; he makes an idol and bows down to it. 16 Half of it he burns in the fire—over that half he cooks meat; he roasts a meal and fills himself. Yes, he warms himself and says, ‘Ah! I am warm as I look at the fire.’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

LXX Isaiah 44:14

Septuagint
13 a piece of wood, the artificer marks it out with a rule, and fits it with glue, and makes it as the form of a man, and as the beauty of a man, to set it up in the house. 14 He cuts wood out of the forest, which the Lord planted, and the rain made it grow, 15 that it might be for men to burn: and having taken part of it he warms himself; yes, they burn part of it, and bake loaves on it; and of the rest they make for themselves gods, and they worship them. 16 Half of it he burns in the fire, and with half of it he bakes loaves on the coals; and having roasted flesh on it he eats, and is satisfied, and having warmed himself he says, I am comfortable, for I have warmed myself, and have seen the fire.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

References

"... In LXX Isaiah, especially formal association occurs abundantly (particularly in rearranged texts, but also beyond). This kind of association means that an expression in the translation, even if it does not form a semantic equivalent of a word in the source text, when retroverted into the Hebrew, does resemble the original word as regards its form, for instance through the replacement of one letter by another, similar, one (... in Isaiah 44:14 — “cedar” has generated “Lord” ...), or through the application of metathesis ..."
Mirjam van der Vorm-Croughs, The Old Greek of Isaiah: An Analysis of Its Pluses and Minuses, SCS 61 (Atlanta: SBL, 2014), 21.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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