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LXX Isaiah

Septuagint

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Chapter 10

1 Woe to those who write wickedness; for when they write they do write wickedness, 2 perverting the cause of the poor, violently wresting the judgment of the needy ones of my people, that the widow may be a prey to them, and the orphan plunder. 3 And what will they do in the day of visitation? for affliction shall come to you from afar: and to whom will you flee for help? and where will you leave your glory, 4 that you may not fall into captivity? For all this his fierce anger is not turned away, but his hand is yet exalted. 5 Woe to the Assyrians; the rod of my fierce anger, and anger are in their hands. 6 I will send my fierce anger against a sinful nation, and I will charge my people to take plunder and captured goods, and to trample the cities, and to make them dust. 7 But he did not mean thus, neither did he devise thus in his soul: but his mind shall change, and that to destroy nations not a few. 8 And if they should say to him, You alone are ruler; 9 then he shall say, Have I not taken the country above Babylon and Calneh, where the tower was built?⁠ and have I not taken Arabia, and Damascus, and Samaria? 10 As I have taken these in my hand, I will also take all the kingdoms: howl, you idols in Jerusalem, and in Samaria. 11 For as I did to Samaria and her idols, so I will do also to Jerusalem and her idols. 12 And it will happen, when the Lord shall have finished doing all things on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, that he will visit upon the proud heart, even upon the ruler of the Assyrians, and upon the boastful haughtiness of his eyes. 13 For he said, I will act in strength, and in the wisdom of my understanding I will remove the boundaries of nations, and will plunder their strength, and I will shake the inhabited cities. 14 And I will take with my hand all the world as a nest: and I will even take them as eggs that have been left; and there is none that shall escape me, or contradict me. 15 Shall the ax glorify itself without him that hews with it? or shall the saw lift up itself without him that uses it, as if one should lift a rod or staff? 16 But it shall not be so; but the Lord of hosts shall send dishonor upon your honor, and burning fire shall be kindled upon your glory. 17 And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and he shall sanctify him with burning fire, and it shall devour the wood as grass in that day. 18 The mountains shall be consumed, and the hills, and the forests, and fire shall devour both soul and body: and he that flees shall be as one fleeing from burning flame. 19 And they that are left of them shall be a small number, and a child shall write them. 20 And it will happen in that day that the remnant of Israel shall no more join themselves with, and the saved of Jacob shall no more trust in, those who injured them; but they shall trust in the Holy God of Israel, in truth. 21 And the remnant of Jacob shall trust on the mighty God. 22 And though the people of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant of them shall be saved: for he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness.⁠ 23 Because God will make a short work in all the world. 24 Therefore thus says the Lord of hosts, Do not be afraid, my people who dwell in Zion, of the Assyrians, because he shall strike you with a rod: for I am bringing a stroke upon you, that you may see the way of Egypt. 25 For yet a little while, and the indignation shall cease: but my fierce anger shall be against their counsel. 26 And God will stir up enemies against them, according to the stroke of Midian in the place of affliction: and his fierce anger shall be by the way of the sea, even to the way that leads to Egypt. 27 And it will happen in that day, that his fear shall be taken away from you, and his yoke from your shoulder, and the yoke shall be destroyed from your shoulders. 28 For he shall arrive at the city of Aiath, and shall pass on to Maggedo, and shall lay up his stores in Michmash. 29 And he shall pass by the valley, and shall arrive at Aiath: fear shall seize upon Ramah; the city of Saul shall flee. 30 daughter of Gallim, Laishah shall hear; one shall hear in Anathoth. 31 Madmenah also is amazed, and the inhabitants of Gibbir: exhort them 32 today to remain in the way: exhort, beckoning with the hand, the mountain, the daughter of Zion, even you hills that are in Jerusalem. 33 Look, the Lord, the Lord of hosts, will mightily confound the glorious ones; and the haughty in pride shall be crushed, and the lofty shall be brought low: 34 and the lofty ones shall fall by the sword, and the Lebanon shall fall with his lofty ones.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Isaiah 10:22 and Romans 9:28

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

In Romans, Paul uses Isaiah's image of a remnant that survives judgment to emphasize continuity between Israel’s past and present. In Isaiah, this represents both punishment and preservation, showing how Israel's survival reveals God's faithfulness.

Passages

LXX Isaiah 10:22

Septuagint
20 And it will happen in that day that the remnant of Israel shall no more join themselves with, and the saved of Jacob shall no more trust in, those who injured them; but they shall trust in the Holy God of Israel, in truth. 21 And the remnant of Jacob shall trust on the mighty God. 22 And though the people of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant of them shall be saved: for he will finish the work, and cut it short in righteousness. 23 Because God will make a short work in all the world. 24 Therefore thus says the Lord of hosts, Do not be afraid, my people who dwell in Zion, of the Assyrians, because he shall strike you with a rod: for I am bringing a stroke upon you, that you may see the way of Egypt. 25 For yet a little while, and the indignation shall cease: but my fierce anger shall be against their counsel. 26 And God will stir up enemies against them, according to the stroke of Midian in the place of affliction: and his fierce anger shall be by the way of the sea, even to the way that leads to Egypt.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

Romans 9:28

New Testament
27 And Isaiah cries out on behalf of Israel, “Though the number of the children of Israel are as the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved, 28 for the Lord will execute his sentence on the earth completely and quickly.” 29 Just as Isaiah predicted, “If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had not left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, and we would have resembled Gomorrah.” 30 What shall we say then?—that the Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness obtained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith, 31 but Israel even though pursuing a law of righteousness did not attain it. 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but (as if it were possible) by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written, “Look, I am laying in Zion a stone that will cause people to stumble and a rock that will make them fall, yet the one who believes in him will not be put to shame.”
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... It is worth noting that Paul mentions Isaiah twice by name in the short span of only three verses (9:27-29), indicating the significance of this particular book of prophecy to his understanding of the present circumstances of Israel. Some scholars believe that Romans 9:27-29 appear to be a conflation of Isaiah 10:22-23 and Isaiah 1:9. A comparison of the texts concerned shows that Paul’s citation remains at points close to and yet distinct from the MT and the Greek text of Isaiah 10:22-23 ... Isaiah 10:22-23 in its original context speaks of the salvation of the remnant of Israel when Yahweh has executed his judgment on the whole earth (Isaiah 10:23). Two things about the text are in order. First, it should be noted that in the Greek text of Isaiah and Paul’s text, the word ‘only’, which appears in most English translations, does not actually exist. Admittedly, a contrast between the original number of nation Israel and the limited number of survivors might be implied, but the point of emphasis of Isaiah does not seem to be on the contrast between the number of Israelites and the remnant, but rather on the notion that ‘the survivors will be saved’. The existence of the survivors/remnant, and indeed Israel as a nation, from start to finish is based on God’s faithfulness. God is faithful to Israel both in the history of her initial conception and in the midst of her judgment ..."
Hon Lee Kwok, The Use of Isaiah in the Pauline Letters with Special Reference to His Self-Conception of being an Apostle to the Gentiles (University of Edinburgh, 2009), 123–125.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Isaiah 10:22 and Romans 9:28

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