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LXX Genesis

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 25

1 And Abraham again took a wife, whose name was Keturah. 2 And she bore to him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. 3 And Jokshan fathered Sheba, and Teman, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were Reuel, and Adbeel, and the Asshurim, and the Letushim, and Leummim. 4 And the sons of Midian were Ephah and Epher, and Enoch, and Abida, and Elraga; all these were sons of Keturah. 5 But Abraham gave all his possessions to Isaac his son. 6 But to the sons of his concubines Abraham gave gifts, and he sent them away from his son Isaac, while he was yet living, to the east into the country of the east. 7 And these were the years of the days of the life of Abraham as many as he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years. 8 And Abraham failing died in a good old age, an old man and full of days, and was added to his people. 9 And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the double cave, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is opposite Mamre: 10 even the field and the cave which Abraham bought from the sons of Heth; there they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife. 11 And it happened after Abraham was dead, that God blessed Isaac his son, and Isaac lived by the well of the vision. 12 And these are the generations of Ishmael the son of Abraham, whom Hagar the Egyptian the female servant of Sarah bore to Abraham. 13 And these are the names of the sons of Ishmael, according to the names of their generations. The firstborn of Ishmael, Nebaioth, and Kedar, and Adbeel, and Massa, 14 and Mishma, and Dumah, and Massa, 15 and Hadad, and Teman, and Jetur, and Naphish, and Kedemah. 16 These are the sons of Ishmael, and these are their names in their tents and in their dwellings, twelve princes according to their nations. 17 And these are the years of the life of Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years; and he failed and died, and was added to his family. 18 And he lived from Havilah to Shur, which is opposite Egypt, until one comes to the Assyrians; he lived in the presence of all his brothers. 19 And these are the generations of Isaac the son of Abraham. Abraham fathered Isaac. 20 And Isaac was forty years old when he took as wife Rebekah, daughter of Bethuel the Syrian, out of Mesopotamia, sister of Laban the Syrian. 21 And Isaac prayed the Lord concerning Rebekah his wife, because she was barren; and God heard him, and his wife Rebekah conceived in her womb. 22 And the babes leaped within her; and she said, If it will be so with me, why is this to me? And she went to inquire of the Lord. 23 And the Lord said to her, There are two nations in your womb, and two peoples shall be separated from your belly, and one people shall excel the other, and the greater shall serve the lesser.⁠ 24 And the days were fulfilled that she should be delivered, and she had twins in her womb. 25 And the first came out red, hairy all over like a skin; and she called his name Esau. 26 And after this came forth his brother, and his hand took hold of the heel of Esau; and she called his name Jacob. And Isaac was sixty years old when Rebekah bore them. 27 And the lads grew, and Esau was a man skilled in hunting, dwelling in the country, and Jacob a simple man, dwelling in a house. 28 And Isaac loved Esau, because his venison was his food, but Rebekah loved Jacob. 29 And Jacob cooked stew, and Esau came from the plain, fainting. 30 And Esau said to Jacob, Let me taste of that red stew, because I am fainting; therefore his name was called Edom. 31 And Jacob said to Esau, Sell me this day your birthright. 32 And Esau said, Look, I am going to die, and for what good does this birthright belong to me? 33 And Jacob said to him, Swear to me this day; and he swore to him; and Esau sold his birthright to Jacob. 34 And Jacob gave bread to Esau, and stew of lentils; and he ate and drank, and he arose and departed; so Esau slighted his birthright.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 25:23 and LXX Genesis 25:23

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Genesis 25 has God tell Rebekah that “the older will serve the younger.” The Greek Septuagint changes this to “the greater shall be subject to the lesser,” shifting the oracle from birth order to relative status and power.

Passages

Genesis 25:23

Hebrew Bible
22 But the children struggled inside her, and she said, “Why is this happening to me?” So she asked the Lord, 23 and the Lord said to her, “Two nations are in your womb, and two peoples will be separated from within you. One people will be stronger than the other, and the older will serve the younger.” 24 When the time came for Rebekah to give birth, there were twins in her womb.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 25:23

Septuagint
22 And the babes leaped within her; and she said, If it will be so with me, why is this to me? And she went to inquire of the Lord. 23 And the Lord said to her, There are two nations in your womb, and two peoples shall be separated from your belly, and one people shall excel the other, and the greater shall serve the lesser. 24 And the days were fulfilled that she should be delivered, and she had twins in her womb.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

References

"... The second pair predicts the future of the two peoples’ relationships. Line three uses the verbal form ὑπερέξει with the genitive in the sense of “excel over,” thus “a people shall excel over a people,” that is, one group will excel over the other one. This prevalence is clarified in the last line “and the greater (that is, the older one) shall serve the lesser (that is, the younger).” The Greek translation preserves the equivalents of רב “large” versus צעיר “small.” That these lines are descriptive of later rivalries between the descendants of Esau, the Edomites, and of the younger Jacob, the Israelites, seems obvious. ..."
John William Wevers, Notes on the Greek Text of Genesis, SCS 35 (Atlanta: Scholars, 1993), 392.
"... These two terms can connote either numbers (many / few) or status (great / less). Therefore, more literal translations of Genesis 25:23 would be either “the many will serve the few” or “the greater will serve the lesser.” The Greek translation of Genesis 25:23 in the Septuagint also supports this translation. The Hebrew terms רב and צעיר are replaced with Greek terms μείζων (greater / larger) and ἐλάσσονι (lesser / smaller). Paul’s quotation of Genesis 25:23 in Romans 9:12 also follows the Septuagint’s choice of words. If the Genesis author intends to indicate clearly “the older” and “the younger” in this divine oracle, why does not the author use more specific terms for “the older” and “the younger”? ..."
Philip Sumin Yoo, Liberating Esau: A Corrective Reading of the Esau-Jacob Narrative in Genesis 25–36 (University of St Andrews, 2014), 66–67.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 25:23 and LXX Genesis 25:23

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