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LXX Ezekiel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 1

1 Now it happened in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, on the fifth day of the month, that I was in the midst of the captivity by the river of Chebar; and the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God. 2 On the fifth day of the month; this was the fifth year of the captivity of king Jehoiakim. 3 And the word of the Lord came to Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans, by the river of Chebar; and the hand of the Lord was upon me. 4 And I looked, and, look, a sweeping wind came from the north, and a great cloud on it, and there was brightness all around it, and gleaming fire, and in the midst of it as it were the appearance of amber in the midst of the fire, and brightness in it. 5 And in the midst as it were the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; the likeness of a man was upon them. 6 And each one had four faces, and each one had four wings. 7 And their legs were straight;⁠ and their feet were winged, and there were sparks, like gleaming brass, and their wings were light. 8 And the hand of a man was under their wings on their four sides, and the faces of the four of them. 9 They did not turn when they went; they went each one straight forward. 10 And the likeness of their faces was the face of a man, and the face of a lion on the right of the four; and the face of a calf on the left of the four; and the face of an eagle to the four. 11 And the four had their wings spread out above; each one had two joined to one another, and two covered their bodies. 12 And each one went straight forward: wherever the spirit was going they went, and did not turn back. 13 And in the midst of the living creatures there was an appearance as of burning coals of fire, as an appearance of lamps turning among the living creatures; and the brightness of fire, and out of the fire came forth lightning. 14  15 And I looked, and, look, the four had each one wheel on the ground near the living creatures. 16 And the appearance of the wheels was as the appearance of beryl: and the four had one likeness: and their work was as it were a wheel in a wheel. 17 They went on their four sides: they did not turn as they went; 18 neither did their backs turn: and they were high: and I saw them, and the backs of the four were full of eyes all around. 19 And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them: and when the living creatures lifted themselves off the earth, the wheels were lifted off. 20 Wherever the cloud happened to be, there was the spirit ready to go: the living creatures went, and the wheels, and were lifted up with them; because the spirit of life was in the wheels. 21 When those went, the wheels went; and when those stood, the wheels stood; and when those lifted themselves off the earth, they were lifted off with them: for the spirit of life was in the wheels. 22 And the likeness over the heads of the living creatures was as a firmament, as the appearance of crystal, spread out over their wings above.⁠ 23 And their wings were spread out under the firmament, reaching one to the other; two wings to each, covering their bodies. 24 And I heard the sound of their wings when they went, as the sound of much water: and when they stood, their wings were let down. 25 And look! a voice from above the firmament that was over their head. 26 There was as the appearance of a sapphire stone, and the likeness of a throne upon it: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as an appearance of a man above. 27 And I saw as it were the resemblance of amber from the appearance of the waist and upwards, and from the appearance of the waist and under I saw an appearance of fire, and the brightness of it all around. 28 As the appearance of the bow when it is in the cloud in days of rain, so was the form of brightness all around. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord. And I saw and fell upon my face, and heard the voice of one speaking.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 14:9 and LXX Ezekiel 1:22

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Septuagint

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Summary

1 Enoch 14 describes a heavenly house surrounded by fire and made of crystal. This imagery parallels the cosmology in the Greek Septuagint translation of Ezekiel, where a solid firmament like shining crystal appears above the living creatures.

Passages

1 Enoch 14:9

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
8 And the vision was shown to me. In the vision, clouds called me and a mist summoned me; the path of the stars and the lightnings sped me on and hurried me, and the winds in the vision gave me wings and carried me upward, lifting me into heaven. 9 I went in until I came near a wall built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire, and it began to frighten me. 10 I went through the tongues of fire and came near a large house built of crystals. The walls of the house were like a mosaic floor of crystals, and its foundation was of crystal. 11 Its ceiling was like the path of the stars and the lightnings, and between them were fiery cherubim, and their sky was clear as water.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

LXX Ezekiel 1:22

Septuagint
20 Wherever the cloud happened to be, there was the spirit ready to go: the living creatures went, and the wheels, and were lifted up with them; because the spirit of life was in the wheels. 21 When those went, the wheels went; and when those stood, the wheels stood; and when those lifted themselves off the earth, they were lifted off with them: for the spirit of life was in the wheels. 22 And the likeness over the heads of the living creatures was as a firmament, as the appearance of crystal, spread out over their wings above. 23 And their wings were spread out under the firmament, reaching one to the other; two wings to each, covering their bodies. 24 And I heard the sound of their wings when they went, as the sound of much water: and when they stood, their wings were let down.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Ezekiel

References

"... The vision of 1 Enoch 14 comes in the middle of the scene where Enoch is described as having ascended unto heaven to intercede on behalf of the fallen angels. It is introduced in 14, 8 where Enoch says that in his dream vision he saw himself uplifted to heaven by clouds. The first thing which Enoch says he saw in heaven is a wall which is built of white marble and surrounded by tongues of fire (14, 9). As it turned out, the wall surrounded a house. The house, no doubt, is identical with the heavenly divine palace, yet the manner in which it is described requires our comment. The house, its walls, its floor and its groundwork, were built of crystal. Now, this description of the marble-like appearance of the walls most probably derives from Ezekiel 1, 22, where the prophet says that “Over the heads of the living creatures there was the likeness of a firmament, shining like crystal” (LXX). This description of what the walls of the house looked like is quite rare, and actually its main parallel is to be found in two places connected with the visions of the Hekhalot mystics ..."
Ithamar Gruenwald, Apocalyptic and Merkavah Mysticism, 2nd rev. ed. (Leiden: Brill, 2014), 71–72.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 14:9 and LXX Ezekiel 1:22

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