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LXX Esther

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 5

1 And on the third day, when she had ceased praying, she put off her mean dress, and put on her glorious clothing. 1a And being splendidly arrayed, and having called upon God the Overseer and Preserver of all things, she took her two maids, and she leaned upon one, as a delicate female, and the other followed bearing her train. 1b And she was blooming in the perfection of her beauty; and her face was cheerful, as it were benevolent, but her heart was straitened for fear. 1c And having passed through all the doors, she stood before the king: and he was sitting upon his royal throne, and he had put on all his glorious clothing, covered all over with gold and precious stones, and was very terrible. 1d And having raised his face resplendent with glory, he looked with intense anger: and the queen fell, and changed her color as she fainted; and she bowed herself upon the head of the maid that went before her. 1e But God changed the spirit of the king to gentleness,⁠ and in intense feeling he sprang from his throne, and took her into his arms, until she recovered: and he comforted her with peaceful words, and said to her, 1f What is the matter, Esther? I am your brother; be of good cheer, you shall not die, for our command is openly declared to you, Draw near. 2 And having raised the golden scepter he laid it upon her neck, and embraced her, and said, Speak to me. 2a And she said to him, I saw you, my lord, as an angel of God, and my heart was troubled for fear of your glory; for you, my lord, are to be wondered at, and your face is full of grace. 2b And while she was speaking, she fainted and fell. Then the king was troubled, and all his servants comforted her. 3 And the king said, What do you wish, Esther? and what is your request? ask even to the half of my kingdom, and it shall be yours.⁠ 4 And Esther said, Today is my great day: if then it seems good to the king, let both him and Haman come to the feast which I will prepare this day. 5 And the king said, Hasten Haman here, that we may perform the word of Esther. So they both come to the feast of which Esther had spoken. 6 And at the banquet the king said to Esther, What is your request, queen Esther? speak, and you shall have all that you require. 7 And she said, My request and my petition are: 8 if I have found favor in the sight of the king, let the king and Haman come again tomorrow to the feast which I shall prepare for them, and tomorrow I will do the same. 9 So Haman went out from the king very glad and merry: but when Haman saw Mordecai the Jew in the court, he was greatly enraged. 10 And having gone into his own house, he called his friends, and his wife Zeresh. 11 And he showed them his wealth, and the glory with which the king had invested him, and how he had caused him to take precedence and bear chief rule in the kingdom. 12 And Haman said, The queen has called no one to the feast with the king but me, and I am invited tomorrow. 13 But these things do not please me, while I see Mordecai the Jew in the court. 14 And Zeresh his wife and his friends said to him, Let there be a gallows made for you of fifty cubits, and in the morning speak to the king, and let Mordecai be hanged on the gallows: but go in to the feast with the king, and be merry. And the saying pleased Haman, and the gallows was prepared.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 18 and LXX Esther 5:1e

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Septuagint

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Summary

The Letter of Aristeas describes God moving the king of Egypt to free the Jewish captives after a silent prayer. The Greek additions to Esther have God turn the Persian king's anger into gentleness, the same hope that God softens foreign kings.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 18

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
After a brief interval, while I was offering up an earnest prayer to God that He would turn the king's mind so that all the captives might be set at liberty-(for the human race, being the creation of God, is swayed and influenced by Him. Therefore with many different prayers I called on Him who rules the heart, so that the king might be constrained to grant my request. For I had great hopes with regard to the salvation of the men since I was assured that God would grant a fulfillment of my prayer. For when men from pure motives plan some action in the interest of righteousness and the performance of noble deeds, Almighty God brings their efforts and purposes to a successful issue) - the king raised his head and looking up at me with a cheerful expression asked, 'How many thousands do you think they will number?' Andreas, who was standing near, replied, 'A little more than a hundred thousand.' 'It is a small favor indeed,' said the king, 'that Aristeas asks of us!'
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

LXX Esther 5:1e

Septuagint
1c And having passed through all the doors, she stood before the king: and he was sitting upon his royal throne, and he had put on all his glorious clothing, covered all over with gold and precious stones, and was very terrible. 1d And having raised his face resplendent with glory, he looked with intense anger: and the queen fell, and changed her color as she fainted; and she bowed herself upon the head of the maid that went before her. 1e But God changed the spirit of the king to gentleness, and in intense feeling he sprang from his throne, and took her into his arms, until she recovered: and he comforted her with peaceful words, and said to her, 1f What is the matter, Esther? I am your brother; be of good cheer, you shall not die, for our command is openly declared to you, Draw near.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Esther

References

“... Of cause, the solution suggested by Ps.-Aristeas had nothing in common with the suggestions of Paul, Origen, Resh Lakish, and Nachmanides. It was a typical optimistic answer of the Second Temple period: God graciously responds to the requests of pious Jews (or made on the behalf of pious Jews) and softens the heart of a king (e.g., of Persia, of Egypt), since “the king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord.” The same theory may be found in the Greek Addition to Ester (5:1e): “Then God changed the spirit of the king to gentleness.” The entire episode 5:1d–f is very similar to paragraphs 17–19 of Aristeas. The queen faltered, and turned pale, but then God changed the spirit of the king, and he comforted her with soothing words. Aristeas also feels anxiety while the king “refrained himself for a little while.” Finally, the king “raised his head, showing a friendly countenance . . .” Considering that the addition came from Alexandrian Jewish milieu, this similarity is quite expected. ...”
Arkady Kovelman, Between Alexandria and Jerusalem: The Dynamic of Jewish and Hellenic Culture (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 115.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 18 and LXX Esther 5:1e

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