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LXX Esther

Septuagint

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Chapter 2

1 And after this the king's anger was pacified, and he no more mentioned Vashti, bearing in mind what she had said, and how he had condemned her. 2 Then the servants of the king said, Let there be sought for the king chaste and beautiful young virgins. 3 And let the king appoint local governors in all the provinces of his kingdom, and let them select fair and chaste young women and bring them to the city Susa, into the women's apartment, and let them be consigned to the king's chamberlain, the keeper of the women; and let things for purification and other attendance be given to them. 4 And let the woman who shall please the king be queen instead of Vashti. And the thing pleased the king; and he did so. 5 Now there was a Jew in the city Susa, and his name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin; 6 who had been brought a prisoner from Jerusalem, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried into captivity. 7 And he had a foster child, daughter of Amminadab his father's brother, and her name was Esther; and when her parents were dead, he brought her up for a wife for himself:⁠ and the young woman was beautiful. 8 And because the king's ordinance was published, many young women were gathered to the city Susa under the hand of Hegai; and Esther was brought to Hegai the keeper of the women. 9 And the young woman pleased him, and she found favor in his sight;⁠ and he hastened to give her the things for purification, and her portion, and the seven maidens appointed her out of the palace: and he treated her and her maidens well in the women's apartment. 10 But Esther did not reveal her family nor her kindred: for Mordecai had charged her not to tell. 11 But Mordecai used to walk every day by the women's court, to see what would become of Esther. 12 Now this was the time for a virgin to go into the king, when she should have fulfilled twelve months; for so are the days of purification fulfilled, six months while they are anointing themselves with oil of myrrh, and six months with spices and women's purifications. 13 And then the young woman goes in to the king; and the officer to whoever he shall give the command, will bring her to come in with him from the women's apartment to the king's chamber. 14 She enters in the evening, and in the morning she departs to the second women's apartment, where Hegai the king's chamberlain is keeper of the women: and she does not go in to the king again, unless she should be called by name. 15 And when the time was fulfilled for Esther the daughter of Amminadab the brother of Mordecai's father to go in to the king, she neglected nothing which the chamberlain, the women's keeper, commanded; for Esther found grace in the sight of all that looked upon her. 16 So Esther went in to king Artaxerxes in the twelfth month, which is Adar, in the seventh year of his reign. 17 And the king loved Esther, and she found favor beyond all the other virgins: and he put on her the queen's crown. 18 And the king made a banquet for all his friends and great men for seven days, and he highly celebrated the marriage of Esther; and he made a release to those who were under his dominion. 19 But Mordecai served in the palace. 20 Now Esther had not revealed her kindred; for so Mordecai commanded her, to fear God, and perform his commandments,⁠ as when she was with him: and Esther did not change her manner of life. 21 And two chamberlains of the king, the chiefs of the body-guard, were grieved, because Mordecai was promoted; and they sought to kill king Artaxerxes. 22 And the matter was revealed to Mordecai, and he made it known to Esther, and she declared to the king the matter of the conspiracy. 23 And the king examined the two chamberlains, and hanged them: and the king gave orders to make a note for a memorial in the royal records of the good offices of Mordecai, as a commendation.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Esther 2:7 and Megillah 13a

Septuagint · Rabbinic

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Summary

Rabbinic tradition in tractate Megillah interprets the story of Esther to say she was married to Mordecai, following a tradition found in the Greek Septuagint of Esther and not the Hebrew original.

Passages

LXX Esther 2:7

Septuagint
5 Now there was a Jew in the city Susa, and his name was Mordecai, the son of Jair, the son of Shimei, the son of Kish, of the tribe of Benjamin; 6 who had been brought a prisoner from Jerusalem, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried into captivity. 7 And he had a foster child, daughter of Amminadab his father's brother, and her name was Esther; and when her parents were dead, he brought her up for a wife for himself: and the young woman was beautiful.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Esther

Megillah 13a

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
The verse states: “And when her father and mother were dead, Mordecai took her for his own daughter” (Esther 2:7). A tanna taught a baraita in the name of Rabbi Meir: Do not read the verse literally as for a daughter [bat], but rather read it as for a home [bayit]. This indicates that Mordecai took Esther to be his wife. And so it states: “But the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared: And it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his bread, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was like a daughter [kevat] to him” (II Samuel 12:3). The Gemara questions: Because it lay in his bosom, it “was like a daughter to him”? Rather, the parable in II Samuel referenced the illicit taking of another’s wife, and the phrase should be read: Like a home [bayit] to him, i.e., a wife. So too, here, Mordecai took her for a home, i.e., a wife.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Megillah

References

“... Thus Esther’s concern for dietary laws in Addition C 27–28 should be compared with the Babylonian Talmud Megillah 13a, Targum Rishon, and Targum Sheni 2:20. See B. Grossfeld, The Two Targums of Esther: Translated with Apparatus and Notes (The Aramaic Bible, Vol. 18), Collegeville 1991. For the Septuagint Esther 2:7 ‘he trained her for himself as a wife’ (the Masoretic Text ‘Mordecai adopted her ⟨Esther⟩ as his own daughter’) compare the Babylonian Talmud Megillah 13a ‘A Tanna taught in the name of Rabbi Meir: Read not “for a daughter” [le-bat], but “for a house” [le-bayit] ⟨that is, a wife⟩’. For a different view on the relation between the Septuagint and the Midrash, see M. Zipor, ‘When Midrash Met Septuagint: The Case of Esther 2, 7’, Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 118 (2006), 82–92. ...”
Emanuel Tov, “The LXX Translation of Esther: A Paraphrastic Translation of MT or a Free Translation of a Rewritten Version?” in The New Testament and Early Christian Literature in Greco-Roman Context: Studies in Honor of David E. Aune, ed. John Fotopoulos (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 521.

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LXX Esther 2:7 and Megillah 13a

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