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LXX Deuteronomy

Septuagint

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Chapter 2

1 And we turned and departed into the wilderness, by the way of the Red Sea, as the Lord spoke to me, and we went around mount Seir many days. 2 And the Lord said to me, 3 You have gone around this mount long enough; turn therefore toward the north. 4 And charge the people, saying, You are going through the borders of your brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir; and they shall fear you, and dread you greatly. 5 Do not engage in war against them, for I will not give you of their land even a footstep, for I have given mount Seir to the children of Esau as an inheritance.⁠ 6 Buy food from them for money and eat, and you shall receive water from them by measure for money, and drink. 7 For the Lord our God has blessed you in every work of your hands. Consider how you went through that great and terrible wilderness: look, the Lord your God has been with you forty years; you did not lack anything. 8 And we passed by our brothers the children of Esau, who lived in Seir, by the way of Arabah from Elath and from Ezion Geber; and we turned and passed by the way of the desert of Moab. 9 And the Lord said to me, Do not quarrel with the Moabites, and do not engage in war with them; for I will not give you of their land for an inheritance, for I have given Seir to the children of Lot to inherit. 10 Formerly the Emim lived in it, a great and numerous nation and powerful, like the Anakim. 11 These also shall be accounted Rephaim like the Anakim; and the Moabites call them Emim. 12 And the Horite lived in Seir before, and the sons of Esau destroyed them, and utterly consumed them from before them; and they lived in their place, as Israel did to the land of his inheritance, which the Lord gave to them. 13 Now then, arise and depart, and cross the valley of Zered. And we crossed the valley of Zered. 14 And the days in which we traveled from Kadesh Barnea till we crossed the valley of Zered, were thirty and eight years, until the whole generation of the men of war failed, dying out of the camp, as God swore to them. 15 And the hand of God was upon them to destroy them out of the midst of the camp, until they were consumed. 16 And it happened when all the men of war dying out of the midst of the people had fallen, 17 that the Lord spoke to me, saying, 18 You shall pass over this day the borders of Moab, even Seir; 19 and you shall draw near to the children of Ammon: do not quarrel with them, nor wage war with them; for I will not give you of the land of the children of Ammon for an inheritance, because I have given it to the children of Lot for an inheritance. 20 It shall be accounted a land of Rephaim, for the Rephaim lived there before, and the Ammonites call them Zamzummim. 21 A great nation and populous, and mightier than you, as also the Anakim: yet the Lord destroyed them from before them, and they inherited their land, and they lived there instead of them until this day. 22 As they did to the children of Esau that dwell in Seir, even as they destroyed the Horite from before them, and inherited their country, and lived there instead of them until this day. 23 And the Avvites who dwell in Hazeroth to Gaza, and the Cappadocians who came out of Cappadocia, destroyed them, and lived in their place. 24 Now then arise and depart, and pass over the valley of Arnon: look, I have delivered into your hands Sihon the king of Heshbon the Amorite, and his land: begin to inherit it: engage in war with him this day. 25 This day begin to put your terror and your fear on the face of all the nations under heaven, who shall be troubled when they have heard your name, and shall be in anguish before you. 26 And I sent ambassadors from the wilderness of Kedemoth to Sihon king of Heshbon with peaceful words, saying, 27 I will pass through your land: I will go by the road, I will not turn aside to the right hand or to the left. 28 You shall give me food for money, and I will eat; and you shall give me water for money, and I will drink; I will only go through on my feet: 29 as the sons of Esau did to me, who lived in Seir, and the Moabites who lived in Aroer, until I shall have passed Jordan into the land which the Lord our God gives us. 30 And Sihon king of Heshbon was not willing that we should pass by him, because the Lord our God hardened his spirit, and made his heart stubborn, that he might be delivered into your hands, as on this day. 31 And the Lord said to me, Look, I have begun to deliver before you Sihon the king of Heshbon the Amorite, and his land, and begin to inherit his land. 32 And Sihon the king of Heshbon came forth to meet us, he and all his people to war at Jahaz. 33 And the Lord our God delivered him before our face, and we struck him, and his sons, and all his people. 34 And we took possession of all his cities at that time, and we utterly destroyed every city in succession, and their wives, and their children; we left no living prey. 35 Only we took the cattle captive, and took the captured goods of the cities. 36 From Aroer, which is by the brink of the brook of Arnon, and the city which is in the valley, and as far as the mount of Gilead; there was not a city which escaped us: the Lord our God delivered all of them into our hands. 37 Only we did not draw near to the land of the children of Ammon, even all the parts bordering on the brook Jabbok, and the cities in the mountain country, as the Lord our God charged us.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Deuteronomy 2:5 and Acts 7:5

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Acts 7 presents a blending of phrases from several biblical sources to emphasize delayed fulfillment of divine promises. The phrase “not even a foot” echoes Deuteronomy 2, while the concept of inheritance draws from Genesis 17 and Numbers.

Passages

LXX Deuteronomy 2:5

Septuagint
3 You have gone around this mount long enough; turn therefore toward the north. 4 And charge the people, saying, You are going through the borders of your brothers the children of Esau, who dwell in Seir; and they shall fear you, and dread you greatly. 5 Do not engage in war against them, for I will not give you of their land even a footstep, for I have given mount Seir to the children of Esau as an inheritance. 6 Buy food from them for money and eat, and you shall receive water from them by measure for money, and drink. 7 For the Lord our God has blessed you in every work of your hands. Consider how you went through that great and terrible wilderness: look, the Lord your God has been with you forty years; you did not lack anything.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Deuteronomy

Acts 7:5

New Testament
3 and said to him, ‘Go out from your country and from your relatives, and come to the land I will show you.’ 4 Then he went out from the country of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran. After his father died, God made him move to this country where you now live. 5 He did not give any of it to him for an inheritance, not even a foot of ground, yet God promised to give it to him as his possession, and to his descendants after him, even though Abraham as yet had no child. 6 But God spoke as follows: ‘Your descendants will be foreigners in a foreign country, whose citizens will enslave them and mistreat them for 400 years. 7 But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves,’ said God, ‘and after these things they will come out of there and worship me in this place.’
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

References

"... although God calls Abraham to the Promised Land, he reveals himself to Abraham in Mesopotamia, far to the east. In Luke’s narrative, the experience of God’s glory that Stephen infers in Genesis 12:1 will anticipate Stephen’s own in Acts 7:55. Genesis does not portray Abraham’s father as dying before Abraham’s departure for the promised land, but some other Jewish traditions do so. Although Abraham was the ideal man of God, neither he nor his descendants for four centuries were allowed to possess the Holy Land. Alluding to Genesis 17:8, Stephen in Acts 7:5 adapts it with inheritance language from Numbers and Deuteronomy and “not even a foot” from Deuteronomy 2:5. In Acts 7:6-7, Stephen uses especially Genesis 15:13 to anticipate a subsequent section of his speech, regarding Israel in Moses’ time ..."
Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament, 2nd ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2014), 336.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Deuteronomy 2:5 and Acts 7:5

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