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LXX Deuteronomy

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 19

1 And when the Lord your God shall have destroyed the nations, which your God gives you, their land, and you shall inherit them, and dwell in their cities, and in their houses, 2 you shall separate for yourself three cities in the midst of your land, which the Lord your God gives you. 3 Take a survey of your way, and you shall divide the coasts of your land, which the Lord your God apportions to you, into three parts, and there shall be there a refuge for every manslayer. 4 And this shall be the ordinance of the manslayer, who shall flee there, and shall live, whoever shall have struck his neighbor ignorantly, whereas he hated him not in times past. 5 And whoever shall enter with his neighbor into the thicket, to gather wood, if the hand of him that cuts wood with the ax should be violently shaken, and the ax head falling off from the handle should light on his neighbor, and he should die, he shall flee to one of these cities, and live. 6 For fear that the avenger of blood pursue after the slayer, because his heart is hot, and overtake him, if the way be too long, and kill him, though there is to this man no sentence of death, because he hated him not in time past. 7 Therefore I charge you, saying, You shall separate for yourself three cities. 8 And if the Lord your God shall enlarge your borders, as he swore to your fathers, and the Lord shall give to you all the land which he said he would give to your fathers; 9 if you shall listen to do all these commands, which I charge you this day, to love the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways continually; you shall add for yourself yet three cities to these three. 10 So innocent blood shall not be spilled in your land, which the Lord your God gives you to inherit, and there shall not be in you one guilty of blood. 11 But if there should be in you a man hating his neighbor, and he should lay wait for him, and rise up against him, and strike him, that he die, and he should flee to one of these cities, 12 then the elders of his city will send, and take him from there, and they shall deliver him into the hands of the avenger of blood, and he shall die. 13 Your eye shall not spare him; so you will purge innocent blood from Israel, and it shall be well with you. 14 You shall not move the landmarks of your neighbor, which your fathers set in the inheritance, in which you have obtained a share in the land, which the Lord your God gives you to inherit. 15 One witness shall not stand to testify against a man for any iniquity, or for any fault, or for any sin which he may commit; by the mouth of two witnesses, or by the mouth of three witnesses, shall every word be established.⁠ 16 And if an unjust witness rise up against a man, alleging iniquity against him; 17 then the two men between whom the controversy is will stand before the Lord, and before the priests, and before the judges, who may be in those days. 18 And the judges shall make diligent inquiry, and, look, if an unjust witness has borne unjust testimony; and has stood up against his brother; 19 then you will do to him as he wickedly devised to do against his brother, and you shall remove the evil from yourselves. 20 And the rest shall hear and fear, and do no more according to this evil thing in the midst of you. 21 Your eye shall not spare him: you shall exact life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:16

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Matthew 18 shows Jesus drawing on the principle in Deuteronomy 19 that requires two or three witnesses when resolving conflict, highlighting the role of the Torah and its use in community life as a guide for handling disputes.

Passages

LXX Deuteronomy 19:15

Septuagint
13 Your eye shall not spare him; so you will purge innocent blood from Israel, and it shall be well with you. 14 You shall not move the landmarks of your neighbor, which your fathers set in the inheritance, in which you have obtained a share in the land, which the Lord your God gives you to inherit. 15 One witness shall not stand to testify against a man for any iniquity, or for any fault, or for any sin which he may commit; by the mouth of two witnesses, or by the mouth of three witnesses, shall every word be established. 16 And if an unjust witness rise up against a man, alleging iniquity against him; 17 then the two men between whom the controversy is will stand before the Lord, and before the priests, and before the judges, who may be in those days.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Deuteronomy

Matthew 18:16

New Testament
15 “If your brother sins, go and show him his fault when the two of you are alone. If he listens to you, you have regained your brother. 16 But if he does not listen, take one or two others with you, so that at the testimony of two or three witnesses every matter may be established. 17 If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. If he refuses to listen to the church, treat him like a Gentile or a tax collector. 18 “I tell you the truth, whatever you bind on earth will have been bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will have been released in heaven. 19 Again, I tell you the truth, if two of you on earth agree about whatever you ask, my Father in heaven will do it for you.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Matthew 18 forms the fourth of the five major blocks of sermonic material that this Gospel groups together (the others are chaps. 5–7; 10; 13; 23–25). Jesus is speaking privately to his disciples about the themes of humility and forgiveness. Matthew 18:15–18 forms the well-known passage on church discipline. Here a procedure is outlined not just for confronting flagrant sinners, but for dealing with any unresolved grievances ... Together, 18:15–20 provide an important contextual qualification, as do 18:23–35, to the apparently unlimited forgiveness that 18:21–22 enjoin. As the parallel in Luke 17:3–4 also demonstrates, that forgiveness is applicable only when genuine repentance has occurred. When it has, though, people truly forgiven by God will forgive others. Deuteronomy 19:15 is cited again in 2 Corinthians 13:1, alluded to in 1 Timothy 5:19, and its principle seems to lie behind the actions taken in Matthew 26:59–61; and John 8:17 (where this law appears to be paraphrased); Hebrews 6:18; Revelation 11:3 ..."
G. K. Beale and D. A. Carson, Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2007), 178.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:16

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