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LXX Deuteronomy

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Observe the month of new grain, and you shall sacrifice the passover to the Lord your God; because in the month of new grain you came out of Egypt by night. 2 And you shall sacrifice the passover to the Lord your God, sheep and oxen in the place which the Lord your God shall choose to have his name called upon it. 3 You shall not eat leaven with it; seven days you will eat unleavened bread with it, bread of affliction, because you came forth out of Egypt in haste; that you may remember the day of your coming forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life. 4 Leaven shall not be seen with you in all your borders for seven days, and there shall not be left of the flesh which you shall sacrifice in the evening on the first day until the morning. 5 you shall not have power to sacrifice the passover in any of your cities, which the Lord your God gives you. 6 But in the place which the Lord your God shall choose, to have his name called there, you shall sacrifice the passover in the evening at the setting of the sun, at the time when you came out of Egypt. 7 And you shall boil and roast and eat it in the place, which the Lord your God shall choose;⁠ and you shall return in the morning, and go to your house. 8 Six days you will eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day is a holiday, a feast to the Lord your God: you shall not do in it any work, save what must be done by any one. 9 Seven full weeks you will number to yourself; when you have begun to put the sickle to the grain, you shall begin to number seven weeks. 10 And you shall keep the feast of weeks to the Lord your God, accordingly as your hand has power in as many things as he shall give you, according as the Lord your God has blessed you. 11 And you shall rejoice before the Lord your God, you and your son, and your daughter, your man-servant and your maidservant, and the Levite that is in your cities, and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow which dwells among you, in whatever place the Lord your God shall choose, that his name should be called there. 12 And you shall remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and you shall observe and do these commands. 13 You shall keep for yourself the feast of tabernacles seven days, when you gather in your produce from your threshing-floor and your wine-press. 14 And you shall rejoice in your feast, you, and your son, and your daughter, your man-servant, and your maidservant, and the Levite, and the stranger, and the orphan, and the widow that is in your cities. 15 Seven days you will keep a feast to the Lord your God in the place which the Lord your God shall choose for himself; and if the Lord your God shall bless you in all your fruits, and in every work of your hands, then you shall rejoice. 16 Three times in the year shall all your males appear before the Lord your God in the place which the Lord shall choose in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and in the feast of tabernacles: you shall not appear before the Lord your God empty. 17 Each one according to his ability, according to the blessing of the Lord your God which he has given you. 18 You shall make for yourself judges and officers in all your cities, which the Lord your God gives you in your tribes, and they shall judge the people with righteous judgment: 19 they shall not wrest judgment, nor favor persons, nor receive a gift; for gifts blind the eyes of the wise, and pervert the words of the righteous. 20 You shall justly pursue justice, that you may live, and go in and inherit the land which the Lord your God gives you. 21 You shall not plant for yourself a grove; you shall not plant for yourself any tree near the altar of the Lord your God, which you shall make for yourself. 22 You shall not set up for yourself a pillar, which the Lord your God hates.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Chronicles 35:13 and LXX Deuteronomy 16:7

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

2 Chronicles describes the Passover meal simultaneously roasted and boiled, trying to harmonize a conflict with Exodus, which forbids boiling, and Deuteronomy, which requires it. This matches the Greek version of Deuteronomy which also tries to fix this.

Passages

2 Chronicles 35:13

Hebrew Bible
11 They slaughtered the Passover lambs and the priests splashed the blood, while the Levites skinned the animals. 12 They reserved the burnt offerings and the cattle for the family divisions of the people to present to the Lord, as prescribed in the scroll of Moses. 13 They cooked the Passover sacrifices over the open fire as prescribed and cooked the consecrated offerings in pots, kettles, and pans. They quickly served them to all the people. 14 Afterward they made preparations for themselves and for the priests, because the priests, the descendants of Aaron, were offering burnt sacrifices and fat portions until evening. The Levites made preparations for themselves and for the priests, the descendants of Aaron.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Chronicles

LXX Deuteronomy 16:7

Septuagint
5 you shall not have power to sacrifice the passover in any of your cities, which the Lord your God gives you. 6 But in the place which the Lord your God shall choose, to have his name called there, you shall sacrifice the passover in the evening at the setting of the sun, at the time when you came out of Egypt. 7 And you shall boil and roast and eat it in the place, which the Lord your God shall choose; and you shall return in the morning, and go to your house. 8 Six days you will eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day is a holiday, a feast to the Lord your God: you shall not do in it any work, save what must be done by any one.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Deuteronomy

References

"... The Septuagint, then, is not just a translation but also an interpretation of Deuteronomy. There is a concern to disambiguate, to contemporise and to harmonise readings with other biblical texts and contemporary Jewish practice. For instance, the translator adds the verb ‘roast’ (ὀπτήσεις) to chapter 16, verse 7 in order to specify that the paschal offering must not only be boiled in water, but also be roasted by fire. LXX Deuteronomy is a harmonisation of two incompatible laws: Exodus 12:8-9 forbade emphatically the cooking of the lamb in any way with water, prescribing instead its roasting over the fire (compare 1 Samuel 2:15); the MT of Deuteronomy 16:7, however, uses the verb bashal ‘to boil’ for cooking. The Septuagint of Deuteronomy combines these two laws, so that the meat must be both boiled and roasted (compare 2 Chronicles 35:13 and its resolution of the laws). As Wevers rightly asked, “Could this then have reflected local practice in Alexandria?” ..."
Timothy H. Lim, “Deuteronomy in the Judaism of the Second Temple Period,” in Deuteronomy in the New Testament, ed. Maarten J. J. Menken and Steve Moyise (London: T&T Clark International, 2007), 6–26.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Chronicles 35:13 and LXX Deuteronomy 16:7

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