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LXX 1 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 16

1 And the Lord said to Samuel, How long do you mourn for Saul, whereas I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? Fill your horn with oil, and come, I will send you to Jesse, to Bethlehem; for I have seen among his sons a king for me. 2 And Samuel said, How can I go? whereas Saul will hear of it, and kill me: and the Lord said, Take a heifer in your hand and you shall say, I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. 3 And you shall call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will make known to you what you shall do; and you shall anoint him whom I shall mention to you. 4 And Samuel did all that the Lord told him; and he came to Bethlehem: and the elders of the city were amazed at meeting him, and said, Do you come peaceably,⁠ you Seer? 5 And he said, Peaceably: I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. Sanctify yourselves, and rejoice with me this day: and he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and he called them to the sacrifice. 6 And it happened when they came in, that he saw Eliab, and said, Surely the Lord's anointed is before him. 7 But the Lord said to Samuel, Do not look on his appearance, nor on his stature, for I have rejected him; for God does not see as man looks; for man looks at the outward appearance, but God looks at the heart. 8 And Jesse called Amminadab, and he passed before Samuel: and he said, Neither has the Lord chosen this one. 9 And Jesse caused Shammah to pass by: and he said, Neither has the Lord chosen this one. 10 And Jesse caused his seven sons to pass before Samuel: and Samuel said, The Lord has not chosen these. 11 And Samuel said to Jesse, Have you no more sons? And Jesse said, There is yet a little one; look, he tends the flock. And Samuel said to Jesse, Send and fetch him for we may not sit down till he comes. 12 And he sent and fetched him: and he was ruddy, with beauty of eyes, and handsome to look at before the Lord. And the Lord said to Samuel, Arise, and anoint David, for he is good. 13 And Samuel took the horn of oil, and anointed him in the midst of his brothers: and the Spirit of the Lord came upon David from that day forward: and Samuel arose, and departed to Ramathaim. 14 And the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord tormented him. 15 And Saul's servants said to him, Look now, an evil spirit from the Lord torments you. 16 Let now your servants speak before you, and let them seek for our lord a man skilled to play on the harp; and it will happen when an evil spirit comes upon you and he shall play on his harp, that you shall be well, and he shall refresh you. 17 And Saul said to his servants, Look now out for me a skillful player, and bring him to me. 18 And one of his servants answered and said, Look, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, and he understands playing on the harp, and the man is prudent, and a warrior, and wise in speech, and the man is handsome, and the Lord is with him. 19 And Saul sent messengers to Jesse, saying, Send to me your son David who is with your flock. 20 And Jesse took a homer of bread, and a bottle of wine, and one kid of the goats, and sent them by the hand of his son David to Saul. 21 And David went in to Saul, and stood before him; and he loved him greatly; and he became his armor-bearer. 22 And Saul sent to Jesse, saying, Let David, Please, stand before me, for he has found grace in my eyes. 23 And it happened when the evil spirit was upon Saul, that David took his harp, and played with his hand: and Saul was refreshed, and it was well with him, and the evil spirit departed from him.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 16:4 and LXX 1 Samuel 16:4

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In the Greek version of 1 Samuel 16, the elders ask, “Do you come in peace, O Seer?” a title not in the Masoretic Hebrew but used in the Dead Sea Scrolls version. This addition harmonizes the text with 1 Samuel 9, where Samuel first appears as a “seer.”

Passages

1 Samuel 16:4

Hebrew Bible
3 Then invite Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will show you what you should do. You will anoint for me the one I point out to you.” 4 Samuel did what the Lord told him. When he arrived in Bethlehem, the elders of the city were afraid to meet him. They said, “Do you come in peace?” 5 He replied, “Yes, in peace. I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. Consecrate yourselves and come with me to the sacrifice.” So he consecrated Jesse and his sons and invited them to the sacrifice.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 16:4

Septuagint
3 And you shall call Jesse to the sacrifice, and I will make known to you what you shall do; and you shall anoint him whom I shall mention to you. 4 And Samuel did all that the Lord told him; and he came to Bethlehem: and the elders of the city were amazed at meeting him, and said, Do you come peaceably, you Seer? 5 And he said, Peaceably: I have come to sacrifice to the Lord. Sanctify yourselves, and rejoice with me this day: and he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and he called them to the sacrifice.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

References

"... Close attention to the world of the text shows that in contexts where fear is expected (LXX 1 Samuel 4:13) or when used in conjunction with φοβέω (to fear, be afraid) (LXX 1 Samuel 17:11), the translator regularly uses ἐξίστημι (to be amazed) to suggest fear or distress in the narrative. Thus, we imagine that when the elders come to greet Samuel in LXX 1 Samuel 16:4, it is in a spirit of significant distress, noted especially by their question, “Do you come in peace, O Seer?” (The use of the title “Seer,” which is a Septuagint plus, though present in 4QSamB, hearkens back to chapter 9, the only other place to use the title, and reminds the reader of Saul’s anointing by Samuel) ..."
Benjamin J. M. Johnson, “Reading the Septuagint: The Hermeneutical Problem of a Translated Text,” in Authoritative Texts and Reception History: Aspects and Approaches, ed. Dan Batovici and Kristin De Troyer, BibInt 151 (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 20–40.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 16:4 and LXX 1 Samuel 16:4

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