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Luke

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus to register all the empire for taxes. 2 This was the first registration, taken when Quirinius was governor of Syria. 3 Everyone went to his own town to be registered. 4 So Joseph also went up from the town of Nazareth in Galilee to Judea, to the city of David called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and family line of David. 5 He went to be registered with Mary, who was promised in marriage to him, and who was expecting a child. 6 While they were there, the time came for her to deliver her child. 7 And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in strips of cloth and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn. 8 Now there were shepherds nearby living out in the field, keeping guard over their flock at night. 9 An angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were absolutely terrified. 10 But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid! Listen carefully, for I proclaim to you good news that brings great joy to all the people: 11 Today your Savior is born in the city of David. He is Christ the Lord. 12 This will be a sign for you: You will find a baby wrapped in strips of cloth and lying in a manger.” 13 Suddenly a vast, heavenly army appeared with the angel, praising God and saying,⁠ 14 “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among people with whom he is pleased!”⁠ 15 When the angels left them and went back to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has taken place, that the Lord has made known to us.” 16 So they hurried off and located Mary and Joseph, and found the baby lying in a manger. 17 When they saw him, they related what they had been told about this child, 18 and all who heard it were astonished at what the shepherds said. 19 But Mary treasured up all these words, pondering in her heart what they might mean.⁠ 20 So the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen; everything was just as they had been told. 21 At the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was named Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb. 22 Now when the time came for their purification according to the law of Moses, Joseph and Mary brought Jesus up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord 23 (just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every firstborn male will be set apart to the Lord”), 24 and to offer a sacrifice according to what is specified in the law of the Lord, a pair of doves or two young pigeons.⁠ 25 Now there was a man in Jerusalem named Simeon who was righteous and devout, looking for the restoration of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him. 26 It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Christ.⁠ 27 So Simeon, directed by the Spirit, came into the temple courts, and when the parents brought in the child Jesus to do for him what was customary according to the law, 28 Simeon took him in his arms and blessed God, saying,⁠ 29 “Now, according to your word, Sovereign Lord, permit your servant to depart in peace.⁠ 30 For my eyes have seen your salvation⁠ 31 that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples: 32 a light, for revelation to the Gentiles and for glory to your people Israel.” 33 So the child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him. 34 Then Simeon blessed them and said to his mother Mary, “Listen carefully: This child is destined to be the cause of the falling and rising of many in Israel and to be a sign that will be rejected. 35 Indeed, as a result of him the thoughts of many hearts will be revealed—and a sword will pierce your own soul as well!” 36 There was also a prophetess, Anna the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was very old, having been married to her husband for seven years until his death. 37 She had lived as a widow since then for eighty-four years. She never left the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. 38 At that moment, she came up to them and began to give thanks to God and to speak about the child to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem. 39 So when Joseph and Mary had performed everything according to the law of the Lord, they returned to Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth. 40 And the child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom, and the favor of God was upon him. 41 Now Jesus’ parents went to Jerusalem every year for the Feast of the Passover. 42 When he was twelve years old, they went up according to custom. 43 But when the feast was over, as they were returning home, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem. His parents did not know it, 44 but (because they assumed that he was in their group of travelers) they went a day’s journey. Then they began to look for him among their relatives and acquaintances. 45 When they did not find him, they returned to Jerusalem to look for him. 46 After three days they found him in the temple courts, sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions. 47 And all who heard Jesus were astonished at his understanding and his answers. 48 When his parents saw him, they were overwhelmed. His mother said to him, “Child, why have you treated us like this? Look, your father and I have been looking for you anxiously.” 49 But he replied, “Why were you looking for me? Didn’t you know that I must be in my Father’s house?” 50 Yet his parents did not understand the remark he made to them. 51 Then he went down with them and came to Nazareth, and was obedient to them. But his mother kept all these things in her heart. 52 And Jesus increased in wisdom and in stature and in favor with God and with people.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Sirach 16:18 and Luke 2:14

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach says the highest heaven trembles when God appears, reflecting an ancient view of multiple heavens above the earth. Luke uses similar language when angels announce Jesus’ birth, proclaiming peace from the highest heaven.

Passages

Sirach 16:18

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
13 The sinner will not escape with plunder. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works. 17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord,” and “Who will remember me from on high?” I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Behold, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will be moved when he visits. 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways? 21 Like a tempest which no man can see, so, the majority of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is afar off.
195–180 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sirach

Luke 2:14

New Testament
10 But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid! Listen carefully, for I proclaim to you good news that brings great joy to all the people: 11 Today your Savior is born in the city of David. He is Christ the Lord. 12 This will be a sign for you: You will find a baby wrapped in strips of cloth and lying in a manger.” 13 Suddenly a vast, heavenly army appeared with the angel, praising God and saying, 14 “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among people with whom he is pleased!” 15 When the angels left them and went back to heaven, the shepherds said to one another, “Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has taken place, that the Lord has made known to us.” 16 So they hurried off and located Mary and Joseph, and found the baby lying in a manger.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... In his work On the Heavens, Aristotle sets forth his cosmology, based upon astronomy as he knew it. The universe is eternal, and the farthest heavenly bodies, moving in majestic cycles, are likewise eternal and unchanging. Influenced by geometry and astronomy, both Plato and Aristotle understood the universe to be a gigantic sphere (actually, for Plato, it is a dodecahedron). At the center of the sphere is the earth, a place of change, generation, death, and corruption. The earth is at rest in its center and spherical in shape ... This natural philosophy became the common stuff of Hellenistic culture, and the foundation for the development of Greek, Roman, and medieval science (including Islamic science). The greatest classical astronomer, Ptolemy, held an Aristotelian cosmology. Aristotle finished his work almost four hundred years before Paul. By the time of Jesus, this Greek cosmology was the common stuff of the intellectual world. Of course, there were opponents, such as the Epicureans, but they did not gain the imagination of the majority. Jews and Christians added to this basic Greek cosmology a further heaven, the “heaven of heavens” or “highest heaven” or simply “the highest” where God and the angels dwell (Deuteronomy 10:14; 1 Kings 8:27; Psalm 148:4-6; Sirach 16:18; Luke 2:14; 19:38; Revelation 4:1-2; compare Luke 10:18; 2 Corinthians 12:2-4). But their cosmology below the highest heaven was much the same as that of the Greek natural philosophers ..."
Alan G. Padgett, “The Body in Resurrection: Science and Scripture on the ‘Spiritual Body’ (1 Cor 15:35–58),” WW 22.2 (2002): 155–163.

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Sirach 16:18 and Luke 2:14

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