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Luke

About this book
Chapter 13

1 Now there were some present on that occasion who told him about the Galileans whose blood Pilate had mixed with their sacrifices. 2 He answered them, “Do you think these Galileans were worse sinners than all the other Galileans because they suffered these things? 3 No, I tell you! But unless you repent, you will all perish as well! 4 Or those eighteen who were killed when the tower in Siloam fell on them, do you think they were worse offenders than all the others who live in Jerusalem? 5 No, I tell you! But unless you repent you will all perish as well!” 6 Then Jesus told this parable: “A man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard, and he came looking for fruit on it and found none. 7 So he said to the worker who tended the vineyard, ‘For three years now, I have come looking for fruit on this fig tree, and each time I inspect it I find none. Cut it down! Why should it continue to deplete the soil?’ 8 But the worker answered him, ‘Sir, leave it alone this year too, until I dig around it and put fertilizer on it.⁠ 9 Then if it bears fruit next year, very well, but if not, you can cut it down.’” 10 Now he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the Sabbath, 11 and a woman was there who had been disabled by a spirit for eighteen years. She was bent over and could not straighten herself up completely. 12 When Jesus saw her, he called her to him and said, “Woman, you are freed from your infirmity.” 13 Then he placed his hands on her, and immediately she straightened up and praised God. 14 But the president of the synagogue, indignant because Jesus had healed on the Sabbath, said to the crowd, “There are six days on which work should be done! So come and be healed on those days, and not on the Sabbath day.” 15 Then the Lord answered him, “You hypocrites! Does not each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or his donkey from its stall and lead it to water? 16 Then shouldn’t this woman, a daughter of Abraham whom Satan bound for eighteen long years, be released from this imprisonment on the Sabbath day?” 17 When he said this, all his adversaries were humiliated, but the entire crowd was rejoicing at all the wonderful things he was doing. 18 Thus Jesus asked, “What is the kingdom of God like? To what should I compare it?⁠ 19 It is like a mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his garden. It grew and became a tree, and the wild birds nested in its branches.” 20 Again he said, “To what should I compare the kingdom of God? 21 It is like yeast that a woman took and mixed with three measures of flour⁠ until all the dough had risen.” 22 Then Jesus traveled throughout towns and villages, teaching and making his way toward Jerusalem. 23 Someone asked him, “Lord, will only a few be saved?” So he said to them, 24 “Exert every effort to enter through the narrow door because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to. 25 Once the head of the house gets up and shuts the door, then you will stand outside and start to knock on the door and beg him, ‘Lord, let us in!’ But he will answer you, ‘I don’t know where you come from.’ 26 Then you will begin to say, ‘We ate and drank in your presence, and you taught in our streets.’ 27 But he will reply, ‘I don’t know where you come from! Go away from me, all you evildoers!’⁠ 28 There will be weeping and gnashing of teeth when you see Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and all the prophets in the kingdom of God but you yourselves thrown out. 29 Then people will come from east and west, and from north and south, and take their places at the banquet table in the kingdom of God.⁠ 30 But indeed, some are last who will be first, and some are first who will be last.” 31 At that time, some Pharisees came up and said to Jesus, “Get away from here because Herod wants to kill you.” 32 But he said to them, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Look, I am casting out demons and performing healings today and tomorrow, and on the third day I will complete my work. 33 Nevertheless I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the next day, because it is impossible that a prophet should be killed outside Jerusalem.’ 34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those who are sent to you! How often I have longed to gather your children together as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you would have none of it!⁠ 35 Look, your house is forsaken! And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord!’”

Texts in conversation

Compare 1QHa 16:9 and Luke 13:18

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · New Testament

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Summary

In Luke, Jesus compares the kingdom of heaven to a seed that grows into a tree where birds find shelter. The Hodayot in the Dead Sea Scrolls similarly describe their community as a tree planted beside hidden waters, with branches for animals and birds.

Passages

1QHa 16:9

Dead Sea Scrolls, Prayers, Hymns, and Liturgy · The Thanksgiving Hymns
5 I thank [you, O] Lord, for you have set me by a source of streams in a dry land, and a spring of water in a parched land, and channels watering 6 a garden and a pool … the field, a planting of juniper and elm together with cypress, for your glory: trees of 7 life at a secret spring, hidden among all the trees by the water. And they are to make a shoot sprout for an eternal planting, 8 taking root before they sprout, and they send out their roots to the watercourse. And its trunk opens to the living water 9 and becomes an eternal source. And on its sprouting leaves all the beasts of the forest feed, and its trunk is a trampling place for all who pass by 10 on the way, and its boughs are for every winged bird. And all the trees by the water rise high above it, for in their planting they grow tall, 11 but they do not send a root to the watercourse. And the one that makes the holy shoot sprout for the planting of truth is hidden, not
150–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QH

Luke 13:18

New Testament
17 When he said this, all his adversaries were humiliated, but the entire crowd was rejoicing at all the wonderful things he was doing. 18 Thus Jesus asked, “What is the kingdom of God like? To what should I compare it? 19 It is like a mustard seed that a man took and sowed in his garden. It grew and became a tree, and the wild birds nested in its branches.” 20 Again he said, “To what should I compare the kingdom of God? 21 It is like yeast that a woman took and mixed with three measures of flour until all the dough had risen.” 22 Then Jesus traveled throughout towns and villages, teaching and making his way toward Jerusalem.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... On the growth of the kingdom of heaven Jesus also said, "It is like a grain of mustard seed which a man took and sowed in his garden; and it grew and became a tree, and the birds of the air made nests in its branches" (Luke 13:18-19). A similar image is to be found in the Essene hymnbook. The poet compares the congregation to a tree ..."
David Flusser and R. Steven Notley, Jesus (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1997), 110–111.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1QHa 16:9 and Luke 13:18

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