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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 5

1 O Lord, reflect on what has happened to us; consider and look at our disgrace. 2 Our inheritance is turned over to strangers; foreigners now occupy our homes. 3 We have become fatherless orphans; our mothers have become widows. 4 We must pay money for our own water; we must buy our own wood at a steep price. 5 We are pursued—they are breathing down our necks; we are weary and have no rest. 6 We have submitted to Egypt and Assyria in order to buy food to eat. 7 Our forefathers sinned and are dead, but we suffer their punishment. 8 Slaves rule over us; there is no one to rescue us from their power. 9 At the risk of our lives we get our food because robbers lurk in the wilderness. 10 Our skin is as hot as an oven due to a fever from hunger. 11 They raped women in Zion, virgins in the towns of Judah. 12 Princes were hung by their hands; elders were mistreated. 13 The young men perform menial labor; boys stagger from their labor. 14 The elders are gone from the city gate; the young men have stopped playing their music.⁠ 15 Our hearts no longer have any joy; our dancing is turned to mourning. 16 The crown has fallen from our head; woe to us, for we have sinned! 17 Because of this, our hearts are sick; because of these things, we can hardly see through our tears. 18 For jackals34 are prowling over Mount Zion, which lies desolate.⁠ 19 But you, O Lord, reign forever; your throne endures from generation to generation. 20 Why do you keep on forgetting us? Why do you forsake us so long? 21 Bring us back to yourself, O Lord, so that we may return to you; renew our life as in days before, 22 unless you have utterly rejected us and are angry with us beyond measure.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269 and Lamentations 5:18

Ancient Near East, Sumerian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Lamentations echoes ancient Near Eastern literature, such as the Sumerian Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur, by describing the grief of a fallen city with the end of music, people compared to broken pottery, and foxes appearing in the ruins.

Passages

Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269

Ancient Near East, Sumerian
266 Ur no longer multiplies for me like a faithful ewe, its shepherd boy is gone. 267 My oxen no longer stand in their cattle pen, their ox herd is gone. 268 My sheep no longer crouch in their sheepfold, their herdsman is gone. 269 In the rivers of my city, dust has gathered, foxholes are made therein. 270 In its midst, no flowing water is carried, its tax-collector is gone. 271 In the fields of my city, there is no grain, their farmer is gone.

Lamentations 5:18

Hebrew Bible
16 The crown has fallen from our head; woe to us, for we have sinned! 17 Because of this, our hearts are sick; because of these things, we can hardly see through our tears. 18 For jackals34 are prowling over Mount Zion, which lies desolate. 19 But you, O Lord, reign forever; your throne endures from generation to generation.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... the Book of Lamentations was written in the 6th century BCE and the latest manuscript of the Sumerian Laments is from the 16th century BCE, a gap of about a millennium separates them. Subsequently, direct influence seems to be out of the question. An important element in the comparison between the Book of Lamentations and the Sumerian Lament tradition is therefore finding a way to bridge this gap in time. It is possible that Judeans were familiar with the Sumerian Laments even if they were written long before the destruction of Jerusalem ... Samet points out three textual metaphoric similarities between the Book of Lamentations and the Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur. The first concerns a reference to music when describing the effects of the devastation. In Lamentations 5:14, the old men are gone from the gate, the young men from their music. In the Ur Lament (356) ‘they are no longer playing for you the šem and ala drums that gladden the heart, nor the tigi.’ Secondly, ceramic pots are used metaphorically for dying people. In Lamentations 4:2, the precious children of Zion; once valued as gold – Alas, they are accounted as earthen pots, work of a potter’s hands! In the Ur Lament (211) ‘its people littered its sides like potsherds.’ The third example given is a more famous one, concerning the fox wandering through the ruins of the city. In Lamentations 5:17, because of Mount Zion, which lies desolate; foxes walk over it. In the Ur Lament (269) ‘in the rivers of my city, dust has gathered, foxholes are made therein’ ..."
Wered Filarski, “Lamentations: A Comparison Between Mesopotamia and Judea,” JBQ 45.2 (2017): 87–98.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 269 and Lamentations 5:18

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