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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 5

1 O Lord, reflect on what has happened to us; consider and look at our disgrace. 2 Our inheritance is turned over to strangers; foreigners now occupy our homes. 3 We have become fatherless orphans; our mothers have become widows. 4 We must pay money for our own water; we must buy our own wood at a steep price. 5 We are pursued—they are breathing down our necks; we are weary and have no rest. 6 We have submitted to Egypt and Assyria in order to buy food to eat. 7 Our forefathers sinned and are dead, but we suffer their punishment. 8 Slaves rule over us; there is no one to rescue us from their power. 9 At the risk of our lives we get our food because robbers lurk in the wilderness. 10 Our skin is as hot as an oven due to a fever from hunger. 11 They raped women in Zion, virgins in the towns of Judah. 12 Princes were hung by their hands; elders were mistreated. 13 The young men perform menial labor; boys stagger from their labor. 14 The elders are gone from the city gate; the young men have stopped playing their music.⁠ 15 Our hearts no longer have any joy; our dancing is turned to mourning. 16 The crown has fallen from our head; woe to us, for we have sinned! 17 Because of this, our hearts are sick; because of these things, we can hardly see through our tears. 18 For jackals34 are prowling over Mount Zion, which lies desolate.⁠ 19 But you, O Lord, reign forever; your throne endures from generation to generation. 20 Why do you keep on forgetting us? Why do you forsake us so long? 21 Bring us back to yourself, O Lord, so that we may return to you; renew our life as in days before, 22 unless you have utterly rejected us and are angry with us beyond measure.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356 and Lamentations 5:14

Ancient Near East, Sumerian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Lamentations echoes the Sumerian Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur. Both describe the grief of a fallen city where music has stopped and leaders are dishonored, following an ancient Near Eastern tradition of lament literature.

Passages

Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356

Ancient Near East, Sumerian
353 Your faithful en-priestess, voluptuously chosen, in the Ekišnuĝal, 354 From the shrine to the ĝipar is no longer joyfully proceeding. 355 The aua-priests, in your house of festivals, are no longer celebrating festivals. 356 They are no longer playing for you the šem and ala drums that gladden the heart, nor the tigi. 357 The black-headed people are no longer bathing for your festivals, 358 Like a thread their lives were cut off in the dirt, their features have changed.

Lamentations 5:14

Hebrew Bible
12 Princes were hung by their hands; elders were mistreated. 13 The young men perform menial labor; boys stagger from their labor. 14 The elders are gone from the city gate; the young men have stopped playing their music. 15 Our hearts no longer have any joy; our dancing is turned to mourning. 16 The crown has fallen from our head; woe to us, for we have sinned!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... the Book of Lamentations was written in the 6th century BCE and the latest manuscript of the Sumerian Laments is from the 16th century BCE, a gap of about a millennium separates them. Subsequently, direct influence seems to be out of the question. An important element in the comparison between the Book of Lamentations and the Sumerian Lament tradition is therefore finding a way to bridge this gap in time. It is possible that Judeans were familiar with the Sumerian Laments even if they were written long before the destruction of Jerusalem ... Samet points out three textual metaphoric similarities between the Book of Lamentations and the Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur. The first concerns a reference to music when describing the effects of the devastation. In Lamentations 5:14, the old men are gone from the gate, the young men from their music. In the Ur Lament (356) ‘they are no longer playing for you the šem and ala drums that gladden the heart, nor the tigi.’ Secondly, ceramic pots are used metaphorically for dying people. In Lamentations 4:2, the precious children of Zion; once valued as gold – Alas, they are accounted as earthen pots, work of a potter’s hands! In the Ur Lament (211) ‘its people littered its sides like potsherds.’ The third example given is a more famous one, concerning the fox wandering through the ruins of the city. In Lamentations 5:17, because of Mount Zion, which lies desolate; foxes walk over it. In the Ur Lament (269) ‘in the rivers of my city, dust has gathered, foxholes are made therein’ ..."
Wered Filarski, “Lamentations: A Comparison Between Mesopotamia and Judea,” JBQ 45.2 (2017): 87–98.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations over the Destruction of Ur 356 and Lamentations 5:14

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