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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 3

1 א (Alef) I am the man who has experienced affliction from the rod of the Lord’s wrath. 2 He drove me into captivity and made me walk in darkness and not light. 3 He repeatedly attacks me; he turns his hand against me all day long. 4 ב (Bet) He has made my mortal skin waste away; he has broken my bones. 5 He has besieged and surrounded me with bitter hardship. 6 He has made me reside in deepest darkness like those who died long ago.⁠ 7 ג (Gimel) He has walled me in so that I cannot get out; he has weighted me down with heavy prison chains. 8 Also, when I cry out desperately for help, he has shut out my prayer.⁠ 9 He has blocked every road I take with a wall of hewn stones; he has made every path impassable. 10 ד (Dalet) To me he is like a bear lying in ambush, like a hidden lion stalking its prey. 11 He has obstructed my paths and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate. 12 He drew his bow and made me the target for his arrow. 13 ה (He) He shot his arrows into my heart. 14 I have become the laughingstock of all people, their mocking song all day long. 15 He has given me my fill of bitter herbs and made me drunk with bitterness.⁠ 16 ו (Vav) He ground my teeth in gravel; he trampled me in the dust. 17 I am deprived of peace; I have forgotten what happiness is. 18 So I said, “My endurance has expired; I have lost all hope of deliverance from the Lord.” 19 ז (Zayin) Remember my impoverished and homeless condition, which is a bitter poison. 20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end.⁠ 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him. 25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord. 27 It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is young. 28 י (Yod) Let a person sit alone in silence, when the Lord is disciplining him. 29 Let him bury his face in the dust; perhaps there is hope. 30 Let him offer his cheek to the one who hits him; let him have his fill of insults.⁠ 31 כ (Kaf) For the Lord will not reject us forever. 32 Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness. 33 For he is not predisposed to afflict or to grieve people. 34 ל (Lamed) To crush underfoot all the earth’s prisoners, 35 to deprive a person of his rights in the presence of the Most High, 36 to defraud a person in a lawsuit—the Lord does not approve of such things! 37 מ (Mem) Whose command was ever fulfilled unless the Lord decreed it? 38 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that everything comes—both calamity and blessing? 39 Why should any living person complain when punished for his sins? 40 נ (Nun) Let us carefully examine our ways, and let us return to the Lord. 41 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands to God in heaven: 42 “We have blatantly rebelled; you have not forgiven.” 43 ס (Samek) You shrouded yourself with anger and then pursued us; you killed without mercy. 44 You shrouded yourself with a cloud so that no prayer could get through. 45 You make us like filthy scum in the estimation of the nations.⁠ 46 פ (Pe) All our enemies have gloated over us; 47 panic and pitfall have come upon us, devastation and destruction. 48 Streams of tears flow from my eyes because of the destruction of the daughter of my people.103⁠ 49 ע (Ayin) Tears flow from my eyes and will not stop; there will be no break 50 until the Lord looks down from heaven and sees what has happened. 51 What my eyes see grieves me—all the suffering of the daughters in my city. 52 צ (Tsade) For no good reason my enemies hunted me down like a bird. 53 They shut me up in a pit and threw stones at me. 54 The waters closed over my head; I thought I was about to die. 55 ק (Qof) I have called on your name, O Lord, from the deepest pit. 56 You heard my plea: “Do not close your ears to my cry for relief!” 57 You came near on the day I called to you; you said, “Do not fear!” 58 ר (Resh) O Lord, you championed my cause; you redeemed my life. 59 You have seen the wrong done to me, O Lord; pronounce judgment on my behalf! 60 You have seen all their vengeance, all their plots against me. 61 ש (Shin) You have heard their taunts, O Lord, all their plots against me. 62 My assailants revile and conspire against me all day long. 63 Watch them from morning to evening; I am the object of their mocking songs. 64 ת (Tav) Pay them back what they deserve, O Lord, according to what they have done. 65 Give them a distraught heart; may your curse be on them! 66 Pursue them in anger and eradicate them from under the Lord’s heaven.

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 3:30 and Matthew 5:39

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Lamentations teaches to endure humiliation by offering the cheek to an attacker and accepting insult. In Matthew, Jesus uses this language to teach that you should turn the other cheek when struck, also connected with his interpretation of Leviticus 24.

Passages

Lamentations 3:30

Hebrew Bible
25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord. 27 It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is young. 28 י (Yod) Let a person sit alone in silence, when the Lord is disciplining him. 29 Let him bury his face in the dust; perhaps there is hope. 30 Let him offer his cheek to the one who hits him; let him have his fill of insults. 31 כ (Kaf) For the Lord will not reject us forever. 32 Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

Matthew 5:39

New Testament
38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ 39 But I say to you, do not resist the evildoer. But whoever strikes you on the right cheek, turn the other to him as well. 40 And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your coat also. 41 And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two. 42 Give to the one who asks you, and do not reject the one who wants to borrow from you.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... the fact that Matthew may have already alluded to chapter 3 of Lamentations earlier in his Gospel should be considered. Lamentations 3:30 reads: δώσει τω παίοντι αυτόν σιαγόνα χορτασθήσεται όνειδισμών ('he will give the cheek to the one who strikes him, he will be sated with insults'). Matthew 5:39 advances a similar idea when Jesus exhorts: όστις σε ραπίζει εις την δεξιάν σιαγόνα [σου], στρέψον αύτω και την άλλην ('[if] anyone strikes you on your right cheek, turn to him also the other;). Davies and Allison point out that the parallel between these two texts was noted at least as early as Origen (Matthew, 1:543). If this is an allusion to Lamentations 3:30, then it strengthens the case for an allusion to 3:30 at Matt 27:34 ..."
David M. Moffitt, “Righteous Bloodshed, Matthew's Passion Narrative, and the Temple's Destruction: Lamentations as a Matthean Intertext,” JBL 125.2 (2006): 299–320.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations 3:30 and Matthew 5:39

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