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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 3

1 א (Alef) I am the man who has experienced affliction from the rod of the Lord’s wrath. 2 He drove me into captivity and made me walk in darkness and not light. 3 He repeatedly attacks me; he turns his hand against me all day long. 4 ב (Bet) He has made my mortal skin waste away; he has broken my bones. 5 He has besieged and surrounded me with bitter hardship. 6 He has made me reside in deepest darkness like those who died long ago.⁠ 7 ג (Gimel) He has walled me in so that I cannot get out; he has weighted me down with heavy prison chains. 8 Also, when I cry out desperately for help, he has shut out my prayer.⁠ 9 He has blocked every road I take with a wall of hewn stones; he has made every path impassable. 10 ד (Dalet) To me he is like a bear lying in ambush, like a hidden lion stalking its prey. 11 He has obstructed my paths and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate. 12 He drew his bow and made me the target for his arrow. 13 ה (He) He shot his arrows into my heart. 14 I have become the laughingstock of all people, their mocking song all day long. 15 He has given me my fill of bitter herbs and made me drunk with bitterness.⁠ 16 ו (Vav) He ground my teeth in gravel; he trampled me in the dust. 17 I am deprived of peace; I have forgotten what happiness is. 18 So I said, “My endurance has expired; I have lost all hope of deliverance from the Lord.” 19 ז (Zayin) Remember my impoverished and homeless condition, which is a bitter poison. 20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end.⁠ 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him. 25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord. 27 It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is young. 28 י (Yod) Let a person sit alone in silence, when the Lord is disciplining him. 29 Let him bury his face in the dust; perhaps there is hope. 30 Let him offer his cheek to the one who hits him; let him have his fill of insults.⁠ 31 כ (Kaf) For the Lord will not reject us forever. 32 Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness. 33 For he is not predisposed to afflict or to grieve people. 34 ל (Lamed) To crush underfoot all the earth’s prisoners, 35 to deprive a person of his rights in the presence of the Most High, 36 to defraud a person in a lawsuit—the Lord does not approve of such things! 37 מ (Mem) Whose command was ever fulfilled unless the Lord decreed it? 38 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that everything comes—both calamity and blessing? 39 Why should any living person complain when punished for his sins? 40 נ (Nun) Let us carefully examine our ways, and let us return to the Lord. 41 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands to God in heaven: 42 “We have blatantly rebelled; you have not forgiven.” 43 ס (Samek) You shrouded yourself with anger and then pursued us; you killed without mercy. 44 You shrouded yourself with a cloud so that no prayer could get through. 45 You make us like filthy scum in the estimation of the nations.⁠ 46 פ (Pe) All our enemies have gloated over us; 47 panic and pitfall have come upon us, devastation and destruction. 48 Streams of tears flow from my eyes because of the destruction of the daughter of my people.103⁠ 49 ע (Ayin) Tears flow from my eyes and will not stop; there will be no break 50 until the Lord looks down from heaven and sees what has happened. 51 What my eyes see grieves me—all the suffering of the daughters in my city. 52 צ (Tsade) For no good reason my enemies hunted me down like a bird. 53 They shut me up in a pit and threw stones at me. 54 The waters closed over my head; I thought I was about to die. 55 ק (Qof) I have called on your name, O Lord, from the deepest pit. 56 You heard my plea: “Do not close your ears to my cry for relief!” 57 You came near on the day I called to you; you said, “Do not fear!” 58 ר (Resh) O Lord, you championed my cause; you redeemed my life. 59 You have seen the wrong done to me, O Lord; pronounce judgment on my behalf! 60 You have seen all their vengeance, all their plots against me. 61 ש (Shin) You have heard their taunts, O Lord, all their plots against me. 62 My assailants revile and conspire against me all day long. 63 Watch them from morning to evening; I am the object of their mocking songs. 64 ת (Tav) Pay them back what they deserve, O Lord, according to what they have done. 65 Give them a distraught heart; may your curse be on them! 66 Pursue them in anger and eradicate them from under the Lord’s heaven.

Texts in conversation

Compare Jeremiah 9:15 and Lamentations 3:15

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah describes judgment as eating bitter food and drinking poisoned water, language echoed in Lamentations that describes the people filled with bitterness. Both passages echo the imagery of bitter herbs and bitter water used in Exodus.

Passages

Jeremiah 9:15

Hebrew Bible
13 The Lord answered, “This has happened because these people have rejected my laws that I gave them. They have not obeyed me or followed those laws. 14 Instead they have followed the stubborn inclinations of their own hearts. They have paid allegiance to the gods called Baal, as their fathers taught them to do. 15 So then, listen to what I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, say, ‘I will make these people eat the bitter food of suffering and drink the poison water of judgment. 16 I will scatter them among nations that neither they nor their ancestors have known anything about. I will send people chasing after them with swords until I have destroyed them.’” 17 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me to say to this people: “Take note of what I say. Call for the women who mourn for the dead! Summon those who are the most skilled at it!”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

Lamentations 3:15

Hebrew Bible
13 ה (He) He shot his arrows into my heart. 14 I have become the laughingstock of all people, their mocking song all day long. 15 He has given me my fill of bitter herbs and made me drunk with bitterness. 16 ו (Vav) He ground my teeth in gravel; he trampled me in the dust. 17 I am deprived of peace; I have forgotten what happiness is.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... The desert yields many prickly plants, as well as wormwood (which represents bitterness of soul or corruption) and gall (a poisonous drink; Deuteronomy 29:18; Amos 5:7; Jeremiah 9:15; 23:15; Lamentations 3:15, 19). But the prophet Isaiah promises that “the desert shall rejoice and blossom like the crocus [‘rose’] ... with joy and singing” (Isaiah 35:1–2). It is also in the wilderness that God provides manna for the starving Israelites ..."
Leland Ryken, James C. Wilhoit, and Tremper Longman III, eds., Dictionary of Biblical Imagery (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998), 2189–2190.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jeremiah 9:15 and Lamentations 3:15

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