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Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions

Horvat Teiman

About this book
Chapter 1

I bless you by Yahweh of Samaria and his asherah.⁠

Texts in conversation

Joseph's Blessing Echoes Asherah in a Sinai Inscription

Ancient Near East, Northwest Semitic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis 49 blesses Joseph by God paired with breasts and womb, a traditional name for a goddess. A clay jar from ninth-century Kuntillet Ajrud blesses people by God and the same goddess, naming her openly as Asherah.

Passages

Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions

Ancient Near East, Northwest Semitic · Horvat Teiman
I bless you by Yahweh of Samaria and his asherah.
800 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions

Genesis 49:25

Hebrew Bible
24 But his bow will remain steady, and his hands will be skillful; because of the hands of the Powerful One of Jacob, because of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel, 25 because of the God of your father, who will help you, because of the Sovereign God, who will bless you with blessings from the sky above, blessings from the deep that lies below, and blessings of the breasts and womb. 26 The blessings of your father are greater than the blessings of the eternal mountains or the desirable things of the age-old hills. They will be on the head of Joseph and on the brow of the prince of his brothers.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

... The Blessing God and His Asherah. The pairing of the god and goddess has an important reflex in the now famous Kuntillet ’Ajrud and Khirbet el-Qom inscriptions. The standard collections of inscriptions offer abundant notes on the readings and bibliography. Mentioned here is simply the information pertinent to the concern of this study, namely blessing by male and female powers. The Kuntillet ’Ajrud inscriptions contain four similar references along these lines. ... If this interpretation of Genesis 49:24-26 is correct, then El and Asherah were Israelite deities distinguished from Yahweh, who is invoked separately in verse 18. This chapter might then represent a tradition or early stage in Israel’s religious history in which El and Yahweh were not identified and Asherah stood as an identifiable goddess. ...
Mark S. Smith, “The Blessing God and Goddess in Early Israel,” in Enigmas and Images: Studies in Honor of Tryggve N. D. Mettinger, ed. Göran Eidevall and Blaženka Scheuer, ConBOT 58 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2011), 220.

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Kuntillet Ajrud Inscriptions and Genesis 49:25

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