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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Wine Allocations for Royal Sacrifices

KTU 1.91

Wine that is consumed by the hand of […]
at the king's sacrifice […]:
the sacrifice of Sapan;
[…]
Ilib;
the god of Bldn;
[Pi]dray of the king's house;
[an ox] […]
[…]
when Athtart of the Field enters the king's house;
when the Rashaps enter the king's house;
[…]
the new moons;
the sacrifice of Baal […] when the Lady of the House goes;
at the pit of Rashap of the Army;⁠
[…]
[…] the gods;
[…]
[…] the Lady.
Lbnm: wine, ten.
Hlb-Gngnt: wine, three.
Bsr: wine, ten.
Nnu: wine, four.
Sql: wine, three.
Smny: two jars of wine.
Smgy: a jar of wine.
Hzp: wine, nine.
Bir: ten, mṣb wine; […] drawn wine.
Hpty: two jars, [mṣb wine].
Agm: four, [mṣb wine].
Srs: seven, mṣb wine […]
Rqd: three, mṣb wine, and […]
Uhnp: six, mṣb wine […]
Total of wine: mṣb wine, se[ven …];
and drawn wine: two […]

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.91:15 and Isaiah 6:3

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Isaiah 6, the title for God as lord of armies matches a title in the ritual text KTU 1.91 that calls Rashap lord of the army, giving the heavenly king the authority of a commander.

Passages

KTU 1.91:15

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Wine that is consumed by the hand of […] at the king's sacrifice […]: the sacrifice of Sapan; […] Ilib; the god of Bldn; [Pi]dray of the king's house; [an ox] […] […] when Athtart of the Field enters the king's house; when the Rashaps enter the king's house; […] the new moons; the sacrifice of Baal […] when the Lady of the House goes; at the pit of Rashap of the Army; […] […] the gods; […] […] the Lady. Lbnm: wine, ten. Hlb-Gngnt: wine, three. Bsr: wine, ten. Nnu: wine, four. Sql: wine, three. Smny: two jars of wine. Smgy: a jar of wine. Hzp: wine, nine. Bir: ten, mṣb wine; […] drawn wine. Hpty: two jars, [mṣb wine]. Agm: four, [mṣb wine].
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Isaiah 6:3

Hebrew Bible
1 In the year of King Uzziah’s death, I saw the Lord seated on a high, elevated throne. The hem of his robe filled the temple. 2 Seraphs stood over him; each one had six wings. With two wings they covered their faces, with two they covered their feet, and they used the remaining two to fly. 3 They called out to one another, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies! His majestic splendor fills the entire earth!” 4 The sound of their voices shook the door frames, and the temple was filled with smoke. 5 I said, “Woe to me! I am destroyed, for my lips are contaminated by sin, and I live among people whose lips are contaminated by sin. My eyes have seen the king, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

“... At the national level, ‛Ashtart’s role in warfare as well as the gods’ warfare role (as we noted above for Ba‛al and Rashap) seems to have been confl ated earlier with the role of the national god in Iron Age Israel. [...] Thus Resheph appears as a divine fi gure only as part of Yahweh’s military retinue in Ha- bakkuk 3:5, while the constellation of features associated in West Semitic literature with Ba‛al are applied in biblical literature to Yahweh. Cf. also the biblical title yhwh ṣb’wt and Ugaritic ršp ṣbỉ (KTU 1.91:15). ...”
Mark S. Smith, “ʿAthtart in Late Bronze Age Syrian Texts,” in Transformation of a Goddess: Ishtar – Astarte – Aphrodite, ed. David T. Sugimoto (Fribourg: Academic Press Fribourg; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014), 84.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.91:15 and Isaiah 6:3

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