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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Baal Cycle

KTU 1.4 IV

Bull El, Father And Lady Athirat of the Sea replies
Listen, Qudshu-wa-Amrur
Fisher of Lady Athirat of the Sea
Tie the donkey, bind the mule;
Set ropes of silver
Bridles of gold;
Prepare my ass.
Qudshu-wa-Amrur obliges.
He ties the donkey, binds the mule;
He arranges ropes of silver
Bridles of gold;
He prepares her ass.
Qudshu-wa-Amrur fastens
Positions Athirat on a donkey's back
On the beautiful back of a mule
Qudshu begins to glow
Amrur, like a star.
Ahead Young Anat leads
While Baal ascends Sapan's peak.
Now she travels
To El at the River's springs
Among the Deeps' streams.
She reaches El's mountain and enters
The tent of the King, the Father of Years.
At El's feet she bows and prostrates
She honors him.
There El notices her
He smiles and laughs.
He stamps his feet on the footstool
And twirls his fingers. He raises his voice and asks
Why has Lady Athirat of the Sea arrived?
Why has the Creatress of the Gods come?
Are you famished from your travels
Or are you parched from your journey?
Eat or drink:
Consume food from the tables
Sip wine from goblets From a golden cup, the blood of trees.⁠
Or does El the King's 'hand' excite you
The love of the Bull stir you?
And Lady Athirat of the Sea replies:
Your decree, El, is wise
You possess eternal wisdom Victory is your decree.
Our king is Mightiest Baal
Our ruler, with none above him.
All of us will gift him
All of us will offer him a cup.
In sorrow he calls to Bull El, his Father
To El, the King who created him. He cries to Athirat and her sons
The goddess and her brood:
For Baal lacks a house like the gods
A court like Athirat's sons.
El's dwelling is his children's shelter
The dwelling of Lady Athirat of the Sea
The dwelling of the Noble Brides
The dwelling of Pidray, Daughter of Light
The refuge of Tallay, Daughter of Showers
The dwelling of Arsay, Daughter of the Wide World.
And Kind El the Benevolent replies:
So am I a slave, Athirat a servant?
Am I a laboring slave
Or Athirat a servant who molds bricks?
Let a house be built for Baal like the gods

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.4 IV:37 and Genesis 49:11

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Genesis 49, Jacob describes Judah's rich harvests with an image also found at Ugarit and in Deuteronomy 32, wine as the blood of grapes, which survives in Punic as well.

Passages

KTU 1.4 IV:37

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Why has the Creatress of the Gods come? Are you famished from your travels Or are you parched from your journey? Eat or drink: Consume food from the tables Sip wine from goblets From a golden cup, the blood of trees. Or does El the King's 'hand' excite you The love of the Bull stir you? And Lady Athirat of the Sea replies: Your decree, El, is wise You possess eternal wisdom Victory is your decree. Our king is Mightiest Baal Our ruler, with none above him. All of us will gift him All of us will offer him a cup. In sorrow he calls to Bull El, his Father To El, the King who created him. He cries to Athirat and her sons The goddess and her brood: For Baal lacks a house like the gods A court like Athirat's sons.
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Genesis 49:11

Hebrew Bible
8 Judah, your brothers will praise you. Your hand will be on the neck of your enemies, your father’s sons will bow down before you. 9 You are a lion’s cub, Judah, from the prey, my son, you have gone up. He crouches and lies down like a lion; like a lioness—who will rouse him? 10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until he comes to whom it belongs; the nations will obey him. 11 Binding his foal to the vine, and his colt to the choicest vine, he will wash his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes. 12 His eyes will be red from wine, and his teeth white from milk. 13 Zebulun will live by the haven of the sea and become a haven for ships; his border will extend to Sidon.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

“... 104 For the metaphorical analogy of of blood as wine, see Isaiah 49:26: "as with wine, with their (own) blood they shall be drunk." The analogy between wine and blood is also reflected in the well-attested characterization of wine as the "blood of the vine/grapes." For West Semitic examples, see KTU/CAT 1.4 III 43-44, IV 37-38; Genesis 49:11; Deu- teronomy 32:14 (mentioned by Sperling, "Blood," 761); and the Latin transliteration of Punic in Plautus, Poenulus, 1142: neste ien nested um et, "Let us drink wine; let us drink the blood of the vine," cited in: Charles R. Krahmalkov, Phoenician-Punic Dictionary (OLA 90; Studia Phoenicia XV, Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse ...”
Mark S. Smith, God in Translation: Deities in Cross-Cultural Discourse in the Biblical World, FAT 57 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008), 60.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.4 IV:37 and Genesis 49:11

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