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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Aqhat

KTU 1.19 I

[Of] Aqhat.
The bow of Aqhat came down into the midst of the waters;
the arrows of the hero fell into the depths. Shattered was the bow of Aqhat the hero,
shattered was ‘Precious’, the bow of the son of Danel.
Virgin Anat came back,
the Beloved of the Powerful One returned. She picked up the quiver
in his hands, as a singer a lyre in his fingers.
Like a chisel was her mouth;
her teeth seized him and she devoured his entrails.
She cleft him like the heart of a terebinth,
and cut the cadaver in two. She divided his cadaver,
She dismembered Aqhat. He was put down like a mighty serpent,
like a huge viper in a sheepfold, like a dog deserving a stick. I struck him.
Now because of his bow I struck him;
on account of his arrows I certainly did not let him live,
yet his bow has not been given to me;
and because of his death the land is atrophied,
the first-fruits of summer shriveled, the ears of corn in their husks.
Then Danel the man of healing,
at once the hero, the devotee of Hrnm, arose
and sat by the entrance to the gate,
beneath the trees which were by the threshing-floor. He tried the case of the widow,⁠
he judged the cause of the orphan.
[…]
[…]
On lifting up her eyes she saw
that the fleece on the threshing-floor was dry,
that the field was wilted,
that the fruit of the orchard was shriveled.
Over her father’s house some falcons hovered,
a flock of hawks was watching.
Pughat wept in her heart,⁠
she cried in her liver.
She tore the garment of Danel the man of healing,
the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm.
Then Danel the man of healing cursed the clouds,⁠
which rain on the dreadful heat, the clouds which rain on the summer-fruit,
the dew which settles on the grapes:
“For seven years Baal shall fail,
for eight, the Charioteer of the clouds!
No dew, no rain, no welling up of the deeps, no goodness of Baal’s voice!⁠
no surging of the two deeps, no⁠
For she has torn the garment of Danel the man of healing,
the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm!”
Aloud to his daughter [Danel cried out]:

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.19 I:44 and Deuteronomy 28:24

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy shares Ugarit's use of drought as a curse, showing that its threats against disloyalty draw on a wider tradition than Assyrian treaties alone.

Passages

KTU 1.19 I:44

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Over her father’s house some falcons hovered, a flock of hawks was watching. Pughat wept in her heart, she cried in her liver. She tore the garment of Danel the man of healing, the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm. Then Danel the man of healing cursed the clouds, which rain on the dreadful heat, the clouds which rain on the summer-fruit, the dew which settles on the grapes: “For seven years Baal shall fail, for eight, the Charioteer of the clouds! No dew, no rain, no welling up of the deeps, no goodness of Baal’s voice! no surging of the two deeps, no For she has torn the garment of Danel the man of healing, the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm!”
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Deuteronomy 28:24

Hebrew Bible
23 The sky above your heads will be bronze and the earth beneath you iron. 24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed. 25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror to all the kingdoms of the earth. 26 Your carcasses will be food for every bird of the sky and wild animal of the earth, and there will be no one to chase them off. 27 The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, eczema, and scabies, all of which cannot be healed. 28 The Lord will also subject you to madness, blindness, and confusion of mind.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

References

“... The logic of Deut 28:23–24 is based on the existential danger of the disruption of normal precipitation patterns. It is one of several similar curses in which agricultural disaster is achieved by the deity(ies) as punishment for transgression of treaty or other stipulations, either by withholding the expected rain or by delivery of one or more unfertile alternatives in its stead. Withholding of rain and other forms of the water necessary to agricultural fertility appears in the Ugaritic epic of Aqhat, while the sending of hailstones may appear also in Sefire I.30 Though the latter text is fragmentary and the reading uncertain, the curses that follow are in keeping with a theme of agricultural devastation: the destruction wrought by locusts and other pests and the failure of grass and other vegetation to thrive. This conceptual combination is also evident in the Deuteronomy material, if Deut 28:23–24 is read in the context of the preceding verses: “YHWH will make the pestilence cling to you … YHWH will afflict you with consumption, fever, inflammation, with fiery heat and drought, and with blight and mildew; they shall pursue you until you perish” (Deut 28:21a, 22).32 ...”
C. L. Crouch, Israel and the Assyrians: Deuteronomy, the Succession Treaty of Esarhaddon, and the Nature of Subversion, ANEM 8 (Atlanta: SBL, 2014), 109.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.19 I:44 and Deuteronomy 28:24

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