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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Aqhat

KTU 1.17 II

the cippus [of your kinsman]; [into the earth sending forth your dying breath],
into the dust protecting [your progress]; [he shall shut]
the mouths of your slanderers, he shall drive away [those who are ill-disposed towards you].
He shall serve up your share in the house of [Baal], [and your portion]
in the house of El; taking your hand when [drunk],
supporting you when sated with wine; he shall plaster
your roof on a muddy day, he shall wash
Danel's face was radiant with joy, above, his forehead shone.
He unknit his brow and laughed;⁠
he put his foot on the footstool, he opened his mouth and cried:
“Now I can sit down and rest, and my spirit can rest in my breast,
for a son shall be born to me like my brothers, a scion like my kinsmen.
He shall set up the stela of my ancestral god, in the sanctuary the cippus of my kinsman;
into the earth sending forth my dying breath, into the dust protecting my progress;
he shall shut the mouths of my slanderers,
he shall drive away those who are ill-disposed towards me.
taking my hand when drunk, supporting me when sated with wine;
he shall serve up my share in the house of Baal, and my portion
in the house of El; he shall plaster my roof on a muddy day,
he shall wash my clothes on a filthy day.”
Danel arrives at his house,
Danel comes into his palace.
Into his house came the Kotharat, the daughters
of Hilal, the swallows. Then Danel,
the man of healing, then the hero, the devotee
of Hrnm, slaughters an ox for the Kotharat.
He feeds the Kotharat, and
gives drink to the daughters of Hilal, the swallows.
Lo, a day and a second, he feeds
the Kotharat and gives drink to the daughters of Hilal,
the swallows. A third, a fourth day, he feeds
the Kotharat and gives drink to
the daughters of Hilal, the swallows. A fifth,
a sixth day, he feeds the Kotharat
and gives drink to the daughters of Hilal, the swallows.
Behold, on the seventh day, there depart from his house
the Kotharat, the daughters of Hilal, the swallows,
[…] the bed of conception,
[…] the bed of childbirth.
Danel sits [and counts] her months.
A month, a second month passes,
a third, a fourth [month] […]
months arrive […]
[…]

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.17 II:10 and Genesis 18:12

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Genesis 18, Sarah's laughter shares Danel's response to a promised child, using a familiar reaction to highlight the gap between God's promise and what a parent can believe.

Passages

KTU 1.17 II:10

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
He shall serve up your share in the house of [Baal], [and your portion] in the house of El; taking your hand when [drunk], supporting you when sated with wine; he shall plaster your roof on a muddy day, he shall wash Danel's face was radiant with joy, above, his forehead shone. He unknit his brow and laughed; he put his foot on the footstool, he opened his mouth and cried: “Now I can sit down and rest, and my spirit can rest in my breast, for a son shall be born to me like my brothers, a scion like my kinsmen. He shall set up the stela of my ancestral god, in the sanctuary the cippus of my kinsman; into the earth sending forth my dying breath, into the dust protecting my progress; he shall shut the mouths of my slanderers, he shall drive away those who are ill-disposed towards me.
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Genesis 18:12

Hebrew Bible
11 Abraham and Sarah were old and advancing in years; Sarah had long since passed menopause.) 12 So Sarah laughed to herself, thinking, “After I am worn out will I have pleasure, especially when my husband is old too?” 13 The Lord said to Abraham, “Why did Sarah laugh and say, ‘Will I really have a child when I am old?’ 14 Is anything impossible for the Lord? I will return to you when the season comes round again and Sarah will have a son.” 15 Then Sarah lied, saying, “I did not laugh,” because she was afraid. But the Lord said, “No! You did laugh.” 16 When the men got up to leave, they looked out over Sodom. (Now Abraham was walking with them to see them on their way.) 17 Then the Lord said, “Should I hide from Abraham what I am about to do?
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

“... The stories about Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and his sons in Genesis 12–50 have broad and specific correlations with the Kirta and Aqhat tales from Ugarit dating to the fourteenth century BCE [...] The biblical and Ugaritic stories concern a father, portrayed as pious or favored by the god(s), who lacks an heir or a wife. The deity or deities promise the father that he will have offspring to carry on the line, but this promise is compromised in some manner. [...] Within this framework of general correlations, the biblical stories contain specific motifs similar to those found in the Ugaritic tales. [...] “joy” or “laughing,” described with the verb ṣḥq, upon hearing a child ...” “... will be born (Gen 18:12–15; KTU 1.17 ii 10–11; but see the idiom in KTU 1.3 ii 25; 1.4 v 25–26; 1.18 i 22–23) ...”
Joel S. Baden and Jeffrey Stackert, eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Pentateuch (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), PDF 729–730.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.17 II:10 and Genesis 18:12

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