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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Kirta

KTU 1.16 VI

[D]eath, be broken; Sha'taqat,
prevail."—And so Sha'taqat departs;
into Kirta's house she goes.
Bkt she penetrates and enters,
Nṣrt she enters to its innermost recess.
Towns she flies over a hundred,
villages she flies over a multitude.
The invalid she⁠ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
the suffering one upon his/her head,
and proceeds to wash him clean of sweat.
His desire for bread she opens,
his appetite for food.
Death, on the one hand, is broken; Sha'taqat,
on the other, has prevailed.—Then Kirta
the Noble commands, raising his voice
and calling: "Listen, O Lady
Hurraya. Prepare a lamb
that I may eat, a lamb that I may dine."
Lady Hurraya listens.
She prepares a lamb and he eats,
a lamb and he dines. Behold a day
and a second, Kirta returns to his former estate;
he sits upon the throne of kingship;
upon the dais, the seat of authority.
Yassib also sits in the palace,⁠
and his inward parts instruct him:⁠
"Go to your father, Yassib. Go
[to] your fa[ther] and speak, repeat
to Kir[ta the Noble]: Lis[ten]
and incline [(your) ear. For . . . . . . . . . ]
. . . . and . . . . . [ ]
You have let your hand fall into mischief.
You used to judge the cause of the widow,
to adjudicate the case of the wretched.
Since you have become a brother of the bed of sickness,
a companion of the bed of suffering,
descend from the kingship—I will be king;
in your authority I will sit."—
Yassib the Lad departs. Into his
father's presence he enters. He lifts up his voice
and cries: "Listen, please, O Kirta
the Noble! Listen, and incline (your) ear.
For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
and . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . You have let your
hand fall into mischief. You used to judge the⁠
cause of the widow, to adjudicate the⁠
case of the wretched, to drive out
those who prey upon the poor, to feed⁠
before you the orphan, behind
your back the widow. Since
you have become a brother of the bed of sickness, a companion
of the bed of suffering, descend from the kingship—
I will be king; in your authority I will
sit."—And [K]irta the Noble answers:
"May Horon break, O my son, may Horon break⁠
your head, Athtart Name of Baal your
skull. May you fall into . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Colophon:) Written by Ilimilku; donated by

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.16 VI:26 and Psalm 14:1 and Psalm 53:1

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalms 14 and 53 share Ugarit's habit of giving inner organs a voice, as Kirta's son Yassib is urged on by his insides to seize the throne, using the heart to express a person's judgment about God.

Passages

KTU 1.16 VI:26

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Yassib also sits in the palace, and his inward parts instruct him: "Go to your father, Yassib. Go [to] your fa[ther] and speak, repeat to Kir[ta the Noble]: Lis[ten] and incline [(your) ear. For . . . . . . . . . ] . . . . and . . . . . [ ] You have let your hand fall into mischief. You used to judge the cause of the widow, to adjudicate the case of the wretched. Since you have become a brother of the bed of sickness, a companion of the bed of suffering, descend from the kingship—I will be king; in your authority I will sit."—
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Psalm 14:1

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, by David. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right. 2 The Lord looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. 3 Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt. None of them does what is right, not even one. 4 All those who behave wickedly do not understand— those who devour my people as if they were eating bread and do not call out to the Lord. 5 They are absolutely terrified, for God defends the godly. 6 You want to humiliate the oppressed, even though the Lord is their shelter. 7 I wish the deliverance of Israel would come from Zion! When the Lord restores the well-being of his people, may Jacob rejoice, may Israel be happy!
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Psalm 53:1

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, according to the machalath style; a well-written song by David. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right. 2 God looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. 3 Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt. None of them does what is right, not even one! 4 All those who behave wickedly do not understand—those who devour my people as if they were eating bread and do not call out to God. 5 They are absolutely terrified, even by things that do not normally cause fear. For God annihilates those who attack you. You are able to humiliate them because God has rejected them.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

“... Perhaps compare also the benighted man who “speaks in his heart” (Psalm 14:1 = 53:1) and the rebellious son whose insides instruct him in the Ugaritic story of Kirta (KTU 1.16 VI 26; see Greenstein, “Kirta.”). Passages such as these raise the question of how the ancients understood the parts and the whole of the human person. ...”
Mark S. Smith, The Priestly Vision of Genesis 1 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2010), 335.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.16 VI:26 and Psalm 14:1 and Psalm 53:1

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