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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Kirta

KTU 1.16 I

([Pertaining to] "Kirta.")
Like dogs shall we howl at your tomb,⁠
like whelps at the entrance to your burial chamber?
Yet father, how can you possibly die,
or will your burial chamber be given over to howling on the part of women, O my wretched father?
For you, father, weeps the mount of Baal,⁠
Sapan, the sacred circuit.
The mighty circuit laments, the circuit
broad of span: Is, then,
[Kir]ta a son of El, an offspring⁠
of the Kindly One and the Holiness?" Into the presence
of his father he enters, weeping
bitterly, giving forth his voice
in weeping: "In your life, our father, we rejoice,
exult in your not dying. Like a dog
your aspect is changed, like a hound
your joyous face. Will you die, then, father,
like the mortals, or your joy change to
mourning; (to) a woman's dirge, O father, my song?
How can it be said, 'A son of El
is Kirta, an offspring of the Kindly One
and the Holiness'? Or do gods die?
The offspring of the Kindly One shall surely live!"
And Kirta the Noble answers:
"My son, do not weep for me, do not
wail for me. Do not waste your eye with
flowing, the brain of your head
(with) tears. Call your sister
Thitmanit, a maid whose passion
is strong. Let her weep and wail for me[?].
[O h]ero, do not tell your sister,
[t]e[ll] . . [ ] . . . . Your sister
I know is compassionate.
Do not let her waters be dried up with grief,
her breath with sorrow.
[W]ait for the setting of the Lady
Sun, and the shining of the light of the
myriads. Then say to your sister
Thitmanit: Our Kirta is making
a sacrifice, the king is preparing
a banquet. Take your drum in (your) hand,
your [tam]bo[urine] in (your) right hand.
Go, take your stand by the songstresses
of your sire. Present [your petitions]
with your music, and he will consent to all."—
At once the hero Ilihu
his [l]ance in (his) hand takes,
his [s]pear in (his) right hand,
and sets out on a run.
[Ev]en as he arrives, it grows dark.
His sister has kindled a lamp. His lance
upon the threshold he stands. Its sheen lights up
the gateway. As soon as she sees her brother,
her [loins] to the ground break;
[upon] her brother['s neck] she weeps:
"Is, [then], the king s[ick],
[or] your sire Kirta [ill]?"
[And] the hero Ilihu [replied]:
"The king is [not] sick,
your sire Kirta [is (not) ill].
[Kirta] is making a [sac]rifice;
[the king is] preparing a banquet.

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.16 I:10 and Psalm 45:6

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The address to the king as God in Psalm 45 shares Kirta's status as El's son, showing how royal praise could place a human ruler within the divine family.

Passages

KTU 1.16 I:10

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
broad of span: Is, then, [Kir]ta a son of El, an offspring of the Kindly One and the Holiness?" Into the presence of his father he enters, weeping bitterly, giving forth his voice in weeping: "In your life, our father, we rejoice, exult in your not dying. Like a dog your aspect is changed, like a hound your joyous face. Will you die, then, father, like the mortals, or your joy change to mourning; (to) a woman's dirge, O father, my song? How can it be said, 'A son of El is Kirta, an offspring of the Kindly One and the Holiness'? Or do gods die? The offspring of the Kindly One shall surely live!"
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Psalm 45:6

Hebrew Bible
5 Your arrows are sharp and penetrate the hearts of the king’s enemies. Nations fall at your feet. 6 Your throne, O God, is permanent. The scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of justice. 7 You love justice and hate evil. For this reason God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of joy, elevating you above your companions. 8 All your garments are perfumed with myrrh, aloes, and cassia. From the luxurious palaces comes the music of stringed instruments that makes you happy. 9 Princesses are among your honored women. Your bride stands at your right hand, wearing jewelry made with gold from Ophir.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

“... While Kirta has its longest biblical comparison in the Song of Songs with its praise of the two lovers (Pardee 2012: 113–15), Psalm 45 is a wedding song off ering best wishes to the royal bride and groom. [...] One element in the king’s praise in Psalm 45:7[6] involves the address to him as “O God,” refl ecting his status as a minor divinity, not unlike the status of King Kirta himself as “El’s son” (KTU 1.16 I 10, SAC 87), or the king as “my son,” as Yahweh calls the monarch (Ps. 2:7). Praise of the Israelite king expresses the traditional royal ideology of the king as the son of the god, which would fi gure later in Christian understandings of Jesus as the “Son of God.” 9 Finally, the closing of Psalm 45 includes a prediction of off spring (in v. 17[16]), much like the wedding blessing issued by El to Kirta about the many children that his bride will bear to him (KTU 1.15 II 21–28, SAC  83). ...”
Mark S. Smith, “Canaanite Backgrounds to the Psalms,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. William P. Brown (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 47.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.16 I:10 and Psalm 45:6

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