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First Apology

About this book
Chapter 31

There were, then, among the Jews certain men who were prophets of God, through whom the prophetic Spirit published beforehand things that were to come to pass, ere ever they happened. And their prophecies, as they were spoken and when they were uttered, the kings who happened to be reigning among the Jews at the several times carefully preserved in their possession, when they had been arranged in books by the prophets themselves in their own Hebrew language. And when Ptolemy king of Egypt formed a library, and endeavoured to collect the writings of all men, he heard also of these prophets, and sent to Herod, who was at that time king of the Jews, requesting that the books of the prophets be sent to him.⁠ And Herod the king did indeed send them, written, as they were, in the foresaid Hebrew language. And when their contents were found to be unintelligible to the Egyptians, he again sent and requested that men be commissioned to translate them into the Greek language. And when this was done, the books remained with the Egyptians, where they are until now. They are also in the possession of all Jews throughout the world; but they, though they read, do not understand what is said, but count us foes and enemies; and, like yourselves, they kill and punish us whenever they have the power, as you can well believe. For in the Jewish war which lately raged, Barchochebas, the leader of the revolt of the Jews, gave orders that Christians alone should be led to cruel punishments, unless they would deny Jesus Christ and utter blasphemy. In these books, then, of the prophets we found Jesus our Christ foretold as coming, born of a virgin, growing up to man's estate, and healing every disease and every sickness, and raising the dead, and being hated, and unrecognised, and crucified, and dying, and rising again, and ascending into heaven, and being, and being called, the Son of God. We find it also predicted that certain persons should be sent by Him into every nation to publish these things, and that rather among the Gentiles [than among the Jews] men should believe in Him. And He was predicted before He appeared, first 5000 years before, and again 3000, then 2000, then 1000, and yet again 800; for in the succession of generations prophets after prophets arose.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 10 and Justin Martyr, First Apology 31.3

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Early Christian

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Summary

In the Letter of Aristeas, Ptolemy's librarian searches for the Jewish Torah for the royal library. In his First Apology, Justin, the earliest Christian witness to the story, it is the books of the prophets that Ptolemy wants instead.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 10

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
Demetrius of Phalerum, the president of the king's library, received vast sums of money, for the purpose of collecting together, as far as he possibly could, all the books in the world. By means of purchase and transcription, he carried out, to the best of his ability, the purpose of the king. On one occasion when I was present he was asked, How many thousand books are there in the library? and he replied, 'More than two hundred thousand, Your Majesty, and I shall make every effort in the immediate future to gather together the remainder also, so that the total of five hundred thousand may be reached. I am told that the laws of the Jews are worth transcribing and deserve a place in
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

Justin Martyr, First Apology 31.3

Early Christian
And their prophecies, as they were spoken and when they were uttered, the kings who happened to be reigning among the Jews at the several times carefully preserved in their possession, when they had been arranged in books by the prophets themselves in their own Hebrew language. And when Ptolemy king of Egypt formed a library, and endeavoured to collect the writings of all men, he heard also of these prophets, and sent to Herod, who was at that time king of the Jews, requesting that the books of the prophets be sent to him. And Herod the king did indeed send them, written, as they were, in the foresaid Hebrew language. And when their contents were found to be unintelligible to the Egyptians, he again sent and requested that men be commissioned to translate them into the Greek language.
155–160 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Justin Martyr, First Apology

References

“... The earliest preserved Christian witness to the story of the origin of the Septuagint is Justin Martyr, who relates that the writings of the prophets were translated by order of King Ptolemy of Egypt (1 Apol. 31.1–5). Justin brings the number of translators down from seventy-two as in Aristeas to seventy (Dial. 71.1–2), which became the traditional number in most Christian sources. While the Letter of Aristeas merely hints at divine aid in the translation (Let. Aris. 307) and the account of Josephus is essentially non-supernatural, Justin follows the trajectory reflected in Philo by seeing direct divine involvement with the translators. Other early Greek Fathers likewise emphasize the supernatural nature of the Greek translation; for example, Irenaeus reports the story of how each of the translators arrived miraculously at the same translation, although working in separate cells (Haer. 3.21.2; see also Exhortation to the Greeks 13; and Clement of Alexandria, Strom. 1.22.148–9). ...”
Michael Graves, “The Septuagint in the Latin World,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint, ed. Alison Salvesen and T. M. Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), 606.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 10 and Justin Martyr, First Apology 31.3

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