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Dialogue with Trypho

About this book
Chapter 42

1 “Moreover, the instruction that twelve bells be attached to the high priest’s [robe], which hung down to the feet, was a symbol of the twelve apostles, who hang from the power of Christ, the eternal Priest; and it is through their voice that the whole earth has been filled with the glory and grace of God and of His Christ.⁠ That is why David also says: ‘Their sound has gone forth into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.’ 2 And Isaiah speaks as if in the person of the apostles, when they say to Christ that it is not their own report that people believe, but the power of Him who sent them. So he says: ‘Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? We have preached before Him as if [He were] a child, as if a root in a dry ground.’ (And the rest of the prophecy already quoted, in order.) 3 And when the passage speaks as if from the lips of many, ‘We have preached before Him,’ and adds, ‘as if a child,’ it means that the wicked would become subject to Him and obey His command, and that all would become like one child. You can see the same thing in the body: although its members are counted as many, together they are called one, and they are one body. For a people and a church, though made up of many individuals, are in fact one thing, called and addressed by one name. 4 And in short, sirs,” I said, “by going through all the other ordinances of Moses I can show that they were types, symbols, and announcements of the things that would happen to Christ, of those who were foreknown to believe in Him, and of the things Christ Himself would also do. But since what I have now listed seems to me sufficient, I return to the order of the discussion.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 28:33–35 and Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 42.1

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian

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Summary

In Exodus, bells are described hanging from the robe of the high priest. In his Dialogue with Trypho, Justin interprets their sound as the preaching of the apostles, connecting the priestly robe with the spread of the message of Jesus.

Passages

Exodus 28:33–35

Hebrew Bible
31 “You are to make the robe of the ephod completely blue. 32 There is to be an opening in its top in the center of it, with an edge all around the opening, the work of a weaver, like the opening of a collar, so that it cannot be torn. 33 You are to make pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet all around its hem and bells of gold between them all around. 34 The pattern is to be a gold bell and a pomegranate, a gold bell and a pomegranate, all around the hem of the robe. 35 The robe is to be on Aaron as he ministers, and his sound will be heard when he enters the Holy Place before the Lord and when he leaves, so that he does not die.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 42.1

Early Christian
1 “Moreover, the instruction that twelve bells be attached to the high priest’s [robe], which hung down to the feet, was a symbol of the twelve apostles, who hang from the power of Christ, the eternal Priest; and it is through their voice that the whole earth has been filled with the glory and grace of God and of His Christ. That is why David also says: ‘Their sound has gone forth into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world.’ 2 And Isaiah speaks as if in the person of the apostles, when they say to Christ that it is not their own report that people believe, but the power of Him who sent them. So he says: ‘Lord, who has believed our report? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed? We have preached before Him as if [He were] a child, as if a root in a dry ground.’ (And the rest of the prophecy already quoted, in order.)
155–160 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho

References

“... Foreshadowed in type by the twelve bells which belonged to Aaron’s robe (Exod. 28: 33), these twelve men became the conduit for the advance of divine glory and grace in the world (‘the twelve apostles, who depend on the power of Christ, the eternal Priest, through whose voice the whole earth has been filled with the glory and grace of God and his Christ’, Dial. 42. 1), in fulfilment of Psalm 19: 4, ‘Their sound has gone forth into all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world’. The prophets often spoke as if ‘personating’ Christ. But according to Justin, Isaiah also spoke as if person- ating the apostles, when he said, ‘Lord, who hath believed our report? And to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?’ (Dial. 42. 2) ...”
Charles E. Hill, The Johannine Corpus in the Early Church (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 347.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 28:33–35 and Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 42.1

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