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Dialogue with Trypho

About this book
Chapter 124

1 And when I saw that they were disturbed because I had said that we are children of God, I headed off their questions and said, “Listen, sirs, to how the Holy Spirit speaks about this people, saying that they are all sons of the Most High, and that this very Christ will be present in their assembly, passing judgment on every race of people. 2 The words were spoken through David, and in your translation they read this way: ‘God stands in the assembly of gods; He judges among the gods. How long will you judge unjustly and show favor to the wicked? Judge for the orphan and the poor, and do justice to the lowly and needy. Rescue the needy, and save the poor from the hand of the wicked. They do not know, nor have they understood; they walk on in darkness; all the foundations of the earth shall be shaken. I said, You are gods, and all of you are children of the Most High.⁠ But you die like men, and fall like one of the princes. Arise, God, judge the earth, for You shall inherit all the nations.’ 3 But in the translation of the Seventy it says, ‘Look, you die like men, and fall like one of the princes,’ to show the disobedience of human beings, I mean Adam and Eve, and the fall of one of the princes, that is, the one called the serpent, who fell with a great fall because he led Eve astray. 4 But since my argument is not aimed at this point now, but at proving to you that the Holy Spirit rebukes human beings, who were made like God, free from suffering and death if they kept His commandments, and were counted worthy by Him to be called His sons, and yet, becoming like Adam and Eve, bring about death for themselves, let the interpretation of the Psalm be as you wish; even so it is proved that all people have been counted worthy of becoming ‘gods,’ and of having the power to become sons of the Most High, and that each will be judged and condemned on his own account, like Adam and Eve. And I have proved at length that Christ is called God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 82:6 and Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 124.2

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian

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Summary

Psalm 82 addresses the divine council as gods and children of the Most High. Justin Martyr quotes the psalm to Trypho and argues that anyone who keeps God’s commandments are children of God, connecting it with Adam and Eve's failure.

Passages

Psalm 82:6

Hebrew Bible
3 Defend the cause of the poor and the fatherless. Vindicate the oppressed and suffering. 4 Rescue the poor and needy. Deliver them from the power of the wicked. 5 They neither know nor understand. They stumble around in the dark, while all the foundations of the earth crumble. 6 I thought, ‘You are gods; all of you are sons of the Most High.’ 7 Yet you will die like mortals; you will fall like all the other rulers.”
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 124.2

Early Christian
2 The words were spoken through David, and in your translation they read this way: ‘God stands in the assembly of gods; He judges among the gods. How long will you judge unjustly and show favor to the wicked? Judge for the orphan and the poor, and do justice to the lowly and needy. Rescue the needy, and save the poor from the hand of the wicked. They do not know, nor have they understood; they walk on in darkness; all the foundations of the earth shall be shaken. I said, You are gods, and all of you are children of the Most High. But you die like men, and fall like one of the princes. Arise, God, judge the earth, for You shall inherit all the nations.’
155–160 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho

References

"... Christian exegetes from the second and early third centuries offered a multifaceted interpretation of the titles "gods" and "children" in Psalm 81. Some emphasized the universal dimension of these titles, bestowed on humanity at creation: for Justin, since all human beings were indistinctly endowed with the possibility of becoming "gods" and "children of God" if they keep God’s commandments, every one of them will be judged by God like Adam and Eve if by breaking the commandments they do not fulfil this possibility. Other exegetes, such as Clement of Alexandria, stressed the element of worthiness, presenting the titles of "gods" and "children" in Psalm 81:1,6 as attained by exceptionally progressed individuals, rather than as originally attributed to all of humanity, at least as potential. ..."
Sara Contini, “‘You Are Gods’ (Ps 81:6): Jerome and the Legacy of Origen’s Anthropology,” Open Theology 7 (2021): 229.

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Psalm 82:6 and Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 124.2

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