Go to Related Reading
About this book

Judith

About this book

Achior Warns Holofernes and Is Sent to Bethulia

Chapter 5

1 Holofernes, the chief captain of the army of Asshur, was told that the children of Israel had prepared for war, had shut up the passages of the hill country, had fortified all the tops of the high hills, and had set up barricades in the plains. 2 Then he was exceedingly angry, and he called all the princes of Moab, the captains of Ammon, and all the governors of the sea coast, 3 and he said to them, “Tell me now, you sons of Canaan, who are these people who dwell in the hill country? What are the cities that they inhabit? How large is their army? Where is their power and their strength? What king is set over them, to be the leader of their army? 4 Why have they turned their backs, that they should not come and meet me, more than all who dwell in the west?” 5 Then Achior, the leader of all the children of Ammon, said to him, “Let my lord now hear a word from the mouth of your servant, and I will tell you the truth concerning these people who dwell in this hill country, near to the place where you dwell. No lie will come out of the mouth of your servant. 6 These people are descended from the Chaldeans. 7 They sojourned before this in Mesopotamia, because they didn’t want to follow the gods of their fathers, which were in the land of the Chaldeans. 8 They departed from the way of their parents, and worshiped the God of heaven,⁠ the God whom they knew. Their parents cast them out from the face of their gods,⁠ and they fled into Mesopotamia and sojourned there many days. 9 Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan. They lived there, and prospered with gold and silver, and with exceedingly much cattle. 10 Then they went down into Egypt, for a famine covered all the land of Canaan. They sojourned there until they had grown up. They became a great multitude there, so that one could not count the population of their nation.⁠ 11 Then the king of Egypt rose up against them, and dealt subtly with them, and brought them low, making them labor in brick, and made them slaves. 12 They cried to their God, and he struck all the land of Egypt with incurable plagues; so the Egyptians cast them out of their sight. 13 God dried up the Red sea before them, 14 and brought them into the way of Sinai Kadesh-Barnea and they cast out all that lived in the wilderness. 15 They lived in the land of the Amorites, and they destroyed by their strength everyone in Heshbon. Passing over Jordan, they possessed all the hill country. 16 They cast out before them the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite, the Shechemite, and all the Girgashites, and they lived in that country many days. 17 And while they didn’t sin before their God, they prospered, because God who hates iniquity was with them. 18 But when they departed from the way which he appointed them, they were destroyed in many severe battles, and were led captives into a land that was not theirs. The temple of their God was razed to the ground, and their cities were taken by their adversaries. 19 And now they have returned to their God, and have come up from the dispersion where they were dispersed, and have possessed Jerusalem, where their sanctuary is, and are settled in the hill country; for it was desolate. 20 And now, my lord and master, if there is any error in this people, and they sin against their God, we will find out what this thing is in which they stumble, and we will go up and overcome them. 21 But if there is no lawlessness in their nation, let my lord now pass by, lest their Lord defend them, and their God be for them, and we will be a reproach before all the earth.” 22 It came to pass, when Achior had finished speaking these words, all the people standing around the tent complained. The great men of Holofernes, and all who lived by the sea side and in Moab, said that he should be cut to pieces. 23 For, they said, “We will not be afraid of the children of Israel, because, behold, they are a people that has no power nor might to make the battle strong. 24 Therefore now we will go up, and they will be a prey to be devoured by all your army, Lord Holofernes.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Jubilees 12:7 and Judith 5:8

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Deuterocanon

Share:

Summary

Jubilees follows early Jewish traditions, also found in the book of Judith, that expands Genesis by giving additional backstory to Abraham and his family, explaining their departure from Mesopotamia as the result of rejecting ancestral gods.

Passages

Jubilees 12:7

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
6 And his father said to him, I also know it, my son, but what shall I do with a people who have made me serve before them? 7 And if I tell them the truth, they will kill me; for they cling to their idols to worship them and honor them. 8 Keep silent, my son, so that they do not kill you.' And he spoke these words to his two brothers, and they were angry with him and he kept silent. 9 And in the fortieth jubilee, in the second week, in the seventh year of it, [1925] Abram married a woman named Sarai, the daughter of his father, and she became his wife.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Judith 5:8

Deuterocanon
7 They sojourned before this in Mesopotamia, because they didn’t want to follow the gods of their fathers, which were in the land of the Chaldeans. 8 They departed from the way of their parents, and worshiped the God of heaven, the God whom they knew. Their parents cast them out from the face of their gods, and they fled into Mesopotamia and sojourned there many days. 9 Then their God commanded them to depart from the place where they sojourned, and to go into the land of Canaan. They lived there, and prospered with gold and silver, and with exceedingly much cattle. 10 Then they went down into Egypt, for a famine covered all the land of Canaan. They sojourned there until they had grown up. They became a great multitude there, so that one could not count the population of their nation.
100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judith

References

"... In Genesis 11:31 we are told that Terah, Abraham, Lot, and Sarai leave Ur of the Chaldeans on their way to the land of Canaan, but end up living in Haran, a city in northern Mesopotamia, and we hear nothing of the deities worshipped in Ur. Abraham is then commanded by God to go to Canaan (Genesis 12:1–5). In our passage, Achior fills in the gaps, and we learn that these migrations are connected to the rejection of ancestral gods and the worship of God. Achior states that the Israelites’ ancestors were expelled from their homeland because of their belief in the existence of the God of heaven rather than the gods of their fathers. While it is clear that Achior is referring to Abraham and his family, he speaks quite generally of the collective ancestors of the Israelites rejecting local gods and being summoned by God, and he does not mention Abraham by name. This general reference to the Israelite ancestors is in line with Achior’s deliberate portrayal of the people of Israel, rather than their leaders. At the same time, it eliminates any possible contradiction between Genesis 11:31, where Abraham’s entire family has already left Ur, and Genesis 12:1, where Abraham alone is told to leave his “homeland,” presumably Ur; see Nehemiah 9:7. Other post-biblical sources (Jubilees 11:16–17; 12:1–8, 12–14; Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 1.154–157) also state that Abraham recognized the true God and had to leave Ur because of his beliefs, but in these sources it is only Abraham who recognizes God. Indeed, in biblical (Joshua 24:2–3) and post-biblical (Jubilees 12:1–8, 14) sources Abraham’s father and brothers are said to worship other gods or idols ..."
Deborah Levine Gera, Judith (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014), 204.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Jubilees 12:7 and Judith 5:8

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library