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About this book

Judith

About this book

Israel Prepares for War and Prays

Chapter 4

1 The children of Israel who lived in Judea heard all that Holofernes the chief captain of Nebuchadnezzar king of the Assyrians had done to the nations, and how he had plundered all their temples and destroyed them utterly. 2 They were exceedingly afraid at his approach, and were troubled for Jerusalem and for the temple of the Lord their God; 3 because they had newly come up from the captivity, and all the people of Judea were recently gathered together; and the vessels, the altar, and the house were sanctified after being profaned. 4 And they sent into every coast of Samaria, to Konae, to Beth-horon, Belmaim, Jericho, to Choba, Aesora, and to the valley of Salem;⁠ 5 and they occupied beforehand all the tops of the high mountains, fortified the villages that were in them, and stored supplies for the provision of war, for their fields were newly reaped. 6 Joakim the high priest, who was in those days at Jerusalem, wrote to those who lived in Bethulia and Betomesthaim, which is opposite Esdraelon toward the plain that is near to Dothaim, 7 charging them to seize upon the ascents of the hill country; because by them was the entrance into Judea, and it was easy to stop them from approaching, inasmuch as the approach was narrow, with space for two men at the most. 8 And the children of Israel did as Joakim the high priest had commanded them, as did the senate of all the people of Israel, which was in session at Jerusalem.⁠ 9 And every man of Israel cried to God with great earnestness, and with great earnestness they humbled their souls. 10 They, their wives, their children, their cattle, and every sojourner, hireling, and servant bought with their money put sackcloth on their loins. 11 Every man and woman of Israel, including the little children and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, fell prostrate before the temple, cast ashes upon their heads, and spread out their sackcloth before the Lord. 12 They put sackcloth around the altar, and cried to the God of Israel earnestly with one consent, that he would not give their children as prey, their wives as plunder, the cities of their inheritance to destruction, and the sanctuary to being profaned and being made a reproach, for the nations to rejoice at. 13 The Lord heard their voice, and looked at their affliction.⁠ The people continued fasting many days in all Judea and Jerusalem before the sanctuary of the Lord Almighty. 14 And Joakim the high priest, and all the priests who stood before the Lord, and those who ministered to the Lord, had their loins dressed in sackcloth and offered the continual burnt offering, the vows, and the free gifts of the people. 15 They had ashes on their turbans. They cried to the Lord with all their power, that he would look upon all the house of Israel for good.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 14:18 and Judith 4:4

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Judith includes locations, such as Hoba and Salem, that also appear in Genesis where Abram defeats kings and meets Melchizedek. Judith connects its narrative to Israel’s literature and distant past, grounding its events within biblical tradition.

Passages

Genesis 14:18

Hebrew Bible
15 Then, during the night, Abram divided his forces against them and defeated them. He chased them as far as Hobah, which is north of Damascus. 16 He retrieved all the stolen property. He also brought back his nephew Lot and his possessions, as well as the women and the rest of the people. 17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet Abram in the Valley of Shaveh (known as the King’s Valley). 18 Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. (Now he was the priest of the Most High God.) 19 He blessed Abram, saying, “Blessed be Abram by the Most High God, Creator of heaven and earth.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Judith 4:4

Deuterocanon
2 They were exceedingly afraid at his approach, and were troubled for Jerusalem and for the temple of the Lord their God; 3 because they had newly come up from the captivity, and all the people of Judea were recently gathered together; and the vessels, the altar, and the house were sanctified after being profaned. 4 And they sent into every coast of Samaria, to Konae, to Beth-horon, Belmaim, Jericho, to Choba, Aesora, and to the valley of Salem; 5 and they occupied beforehand all the tops of the high mountains, fortified the villages that were in them, and stored supplies for the provision of war, for their fields were newly reaped. 6 Joakim the high priest, who was in those days at Jerusalem, wrote to those who lived in Bethulia and Betomesthaim, which is opposite Esdraelon toward the plain that is near to Dothaim,
100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judith

References

"... The combination here of known, partially known, and unknown place names is typical of the difficulties raised by the geographical information provided in Judith. Samaria, Beth-horon, and Jericho are known, identifiable places. Hoba is mentioned in Genesis 14, a biblical tale of a military coalition, as is the city – but not the valley – of Salem (Gen 14:15, 18), but neither Hoba nor the valley of Salem can be assigned a precise location. The towns of Kona, Belmain, and Aesora are mentioned only in Judith (see too 15:5) and consequently are difficult to place and identify. A further complication is the varied transmission in Greek manuscripts of these unfamiliar and presumably transliterated Hebrew names ..."
Deborah Levine Gera, Judith (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014), 171.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 14:18 and Judith 4:4

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