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Judith

About this book
Chapter 3

1 And they sent to him messengers with words of peace, saying, 2 “Behold, we the servants of Nebuchadnezzar the great king lie before you. Use us as it is pleasing in your sight. 3 Behold, our dwellings, and all our country, and all our fields of wheat, and our flocks and herds, and all the sheepfolds of our tents, lie before your face. Use them as it may please you. 4 Behold, even our cities and those who dwell in them are your servants. Come and deal with them as it is good in your eyes.” 5 So the men came to Holofernes, and declared to him according to these words. 6 He came down toward the sea coast, he and his army, and set garrisons in the high cities, and took out of them chosen men for allies. 7 They received him, they and all the country round about them, with garlands and dances and timbrels. 8 He cast down all their borders, and cut down their sacred groves.⁠ It had been given to him to destroy all the gods of the land, that all the nations would worship Nebuchadnezzar only, and that all their tongues and their tribes would call upon him as a god. 9 Then he came toward Esdraelon near to Dotaea, which is opposite the great ridge of Judea. 10 He encamped between Geba and Scythopolis. He was there a whole month, that he might gather together all the baggage of his army.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 34:13 and Judith 3:7

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Judith alludes to Exodus 34 by repeating the pattern of destroying altars, idols, and sacred groves, aligning itself with the traditions in the Torah that define proper worship through the total rejection of foreign cultic symbols.

Passages

Exodus 34:13

Hebrew Bible
12 Be careful not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it become a snare among you. 13 Rather you must destroy their altars, smash their images, and cut down their Asherah poles. 14 For you must not worship any other god, for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Judith 3:7

Deuterocanon
6 He came down toward the sea coast, he and his army, and set garrisons in the high cities, and took out of them chosen men for allies. 7 They received him, they and all the country round about them, with garlands and dances and timbrels. 8 He cast down all their borders, and cut down their sacred groves. It had been given to him to destroy all the gods of the land, that all the nations would worship Nebuchadnezzar only, and that all their tongues and their tribes would call upon him as a god. 9 Then he came toward Esdraelon near to Dotaea, which is opposite the great ridge of Judea.
100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judith

References

"... Hanhart preserves the reading (destroyed their territory), but the emendation (destroyed their shrines) should be preferred here. The reading is based on the Syriac (templa), which may have been influenced in turn by the mention of Holophernes plundering at 4:1. Holophernes cuts down sacred groves here as well, and the word is the regular LXX translation of [the Hebrew], the sacred trees or poles of the goddess Asherah. Since the destruction of such sacred poles is frequently mentioned in the MT together with the destruction of altars and idols - see Exodus 34:13; Deuteronomy 7:5; 2 Kings 18:4; 23:14–15; 2 Chronicles 14:2; 17:6; 31:1; 34:3–4, 7 - it is likely that the combination is found here as well ..."
Deborah Levine Gera, Judith (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014), 163.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 34:13 and Judith 3:7

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