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Judith

About this book
Chapter 16

1 Judith said, “Begin a song to my God with timbrels. Sing to my Lord with cymbals. Make melody to him with psalm and praise. Exalt him, and call upon his name. 2 For the Lord is the God that crushes battles.⁠ For in his armies in the midst of the people, he delivered me out of the hand of those who persecuted me. 3 Asshur came out of the mountains from the north. He came with ten thousands of his army. Its multitude stopped the torrents. Their horsemen covered the hills. 4 He said that he would burn up my borders, kill my young men with the sword, throw my nursing children to the ground,⁠ give my infants up as prey, and make my virgins a plunder. 5 “The Almighty Lord brought them to nothing by the hand of a woman. 6 For their mighty one didn’t fall by young men, neither did sons of the Titans strike him. Tall giants didn’t attack him, but Judith the daughter of Merari made him weak with the beauty of her face. 7 “For she put off the apparel of her widowhood for the exaltation of those who were distressed in Israel. She anointed her face with ointment; 8 she bound her hair in a tiara, and took a linen garment to deceive him. 9 Her sandal ravished his eye. Her beauty took his soul prisoner. The sword passed through his neck. 10 “The Persians quaked at her daring. The Medes were daunted at her boldness. 11 “Then my lowly ones shouted aloud. My oppressed people were terrified and trembled for fear. They lifted up their voices and the enemy fled. 12 The children of slave-girls pierced them through, and wounded them as fugitives’ children. They perished by the army of my Lord. 13 “I will sing to my God a new song: O Lord, you are great and glorious, marvelous in strength, invincible. 14 Let all your creation serve you; for you spoke, and they were made. You sent out your spirit, and it built them. There is no one who can resist your voice. 15 For the mountains will be moved from their foundations with the waters, and the rocks will melt as wax at your presence:⁠ But you are yet merciful to those who fear you. 16 For all sacrifice is little for a sweet savor, and all the fat is very little for a whole burnt offering to you; but he who fears the Lord is great continually. 17 “Woe to the nations who rise up against my race! The Lord Almighty will take vengeance on them in the day of judgment and put fire and worms in their flesh; and they will weep and feel their pain forever.”⁠ 18 Now when they came to Jerusalem, they worshiped God. When the people were purified, they offered their whole burnt offerings, their free will offerings, and their gifts. 19 Judith dedicated all Holofernes’ stuff, which the people had given her, and gave the canopy, which she had taken for herself out of his bedchamber, for a gift to the Lord. 20 And the people continued feasting in Jerusalem before the sanctuary for three months, and Judith remained with them.

Judith's Later Life and Death

21 After these days, everyone departed to his own inheritance. Judith went away to Bethulia, and remained in her own possession, and was honorable in her time in all the land. 22 Many desired her, but no man knew her all the days of her life from the day that Manasses her husband died and was gathered to his people. 23 She increased in greatness exceedingly; and she grew old in her husband’s house, to one hundred five years. She let her maid go free. Then she died in Bethulia. They buried her in the cave of her husband Manasses. 24 The house of Israel mourned for her seven days. She distributed her goods before she died to all those who were nearest of kin to Manasses her husband, and to those who were nearest of her own kindred. 25 There was no one who made the children of Israel afraid any more in the days of Judith, nor for a long time after her death.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 137:9 and Judith 16:4

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Psalm 137 voices anger over Jerusalem’s fall by blessing violence against Babylon’s children. Judith 16 echoes this language in Holofernes’ threat to crush Israel’s children, but reverses it when his army is destroyed.

Passages

Psalm 137:9

Hebrew Bible
6 May my tongue stick to the roof of my mouth, if I do not remember you, and do not give Jerusalem priority over whatever gives me the most joy. 7 Remember, O Lord, what the Edomites did on the day Jerusalem fell. They said, “Tear it down, tear it down, right to its very foundation!” 8 O daughter Babylon, soon to be devastated, how blessed will be the one who repays you for what you dished out to us. 9 How blessed will be the one who grabs your babies and smashes them on a rock.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Judith 16:4

Deuterocanon
2 For the Lord is the God that crushes battles. For in his armies in the midst of the people, he delivered me out of the hand of those who persecuted me. 3 Asshur came out of the mountains from the north. He came with ten thousands of his army. Its multitude stopped the torrents. Their horsemen covered the hills. 4 He said that he would burn up my borders, kill my young men with the sword, throw my nursing children to the ground, give my infants up as prey, and make my virgins a plunder. 5 “The Almighty Lord brought them to nothing by the hand of a woman. 6 For their mighty one didn’t fall by young men, neither did sons of the Titans strike him. Tall giants didn’t attack him, but Judith the daughter of Merari made him weak with the beauty of her face.
100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judith

References

"... Judith 16 alludes intra-textually to Holofernes’ (Nebuchadnezzar’s) bragging that he would crush Israel’s babies against the ground. But it did not happen. Instead, Holofernes was killed and his army was crushed by the very people he thought would be crushed by him. Intertextually, these words can be related to Psalm 137, where the person who crushes the babies of Israel’s enemies against a rock is called ‘blessed’. The poet of Psalm 137 lets himself be dominated by his mounting rage and plunges into the abyss of human emotion and passion. The poet’s prayer in verse 7 moves into a direct curse in a particularly reined form in verses 8−9, namely as a word of blessing on the person who will inflict the most cruel revenge on the hated enemy. The psalm reaches a climax in verses 7−9, where Yahweh is urged to think of the evil deeds committed against his people by the Babylonians, and which must culminate in Yahweh’s judgement of them ..."
S. Philip Nolte and Pierre J. Jordaan, “Ideology and Intertextuality: Intertextual Allusions in Judith 16,” HvTSt 67.3 (2011): 1–9.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 137:9 and Judith 16:4

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