Go to Related Reading
About this book

Judges

About this book
Chapter 7

1 Jerub Baal (that is, Gideon) and his men got up the next morning and camped near the spring of Harod. The Midianites were camped north of them near the hill of Moreh in the valley. 2 The Lord said to Gideon, “You have too many men for me to hand Midian over to you. Israel might brag, ‘Our own strength has delivered us.’⁠ 3 Now, announce to the men, ‘Whoever is shaking with fear may turn around and leave Mount Gilead.’” Twenty-two thousand men went home; 10,000 remained. 4 The Lord spoke to Gideon again, “There are still too many men. Bring them down to the water, and I will thin the ranks some more. When I say, ‘This one should go with you,’ pick him to go; when I say, ‘This one should not go with you,’ do not take him.” 5 So he brought the men down to the water. Then the Lord said to Gideon, “Separate those who lap the water as a dog laps from those who kneel to drink.” 6 Only 300 men lapped with their hands to their mouths; the rest of the men kneeled to drink water. 7 The Lord said to Gideon, “With the 300 men who lapped I will deliver the whole army, and I will hand Midian over to you. The rest of the men should go home.” 8 The men who were chosen took supplies and their trumpets. Gideon sent all the men of Israel back to their homes; he kept only 300 men. Now the Midianites were camped down below in the valley. 9 That night the Lord said to Gideon, “Get up! Attack the camp, for I am handing it over to you. 10 But if you are afraid to attack, go down to the camp with Purah your servant 11 and listen to what they are saying. Then you will be brave and attack the camp.” So he went down with Purah his servant to where the sentries were guarding the camp. 12 Now the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east covered the valley like a swarm of locusts. Their camels could not be counted; they were as innumerable as the sand on the seashore. 13 When Gideon arrived, he heard a man telling another man about a dream he had. The man said, “Look! I had a dream. I saw a stale cake of barley bread rolling into the Midianite camp. It hit a tent so hard it knocked it over and turned it upside down. The tent just collapsed.”⁠ 14 The other man said, “Without a doubt this symbolizes the sword of Gideon son of Joash, the Israelite. God is handing Midian and all the army over to him.” 15 When Gideon heard the report of the dream and its interpretation, he praised God. Then he went back to the Israelite camp and said, “Get up, for the Lord is handing the Midianite army over to you!” 16 He divided the 300 men into three units. He gave them all trumpets and empty jars with torches inside them. 17 He said to them, “Watch me and do as I do. Watch closely! I am going to the edge of the camp. Do as I do! 18 When I and all who are with me blow our trumpets, you also blow your trumpets all around the camp. Then say, ‘For the Lord and for Gideon!’” 19 Gideon took 100 men to the edge of the camp at the beginning of the middle watch, just after they had changed the guards. They blew their trumpets and broke the jars they were carrying. 20 All three units blew their trumpets and broke their jars. They held the torches in their left hand and the trumpets in their right. Then they yelled, “A sword for the Lord and for Gideon!” 21 They stood in order all around the camp. The whole Midianite army ran away; they shouted as they scrambled away. 22 When the 300 men blew their trumpets, the Lord caused the Midianites to attack one another with their swords throughout the camp. The army fled to Beth Shittah on the way to Zererah. They went to the border of Abel Meholah near Tabbath. 23 Israelites from Naphtali, Asher, and Manasseh answered the call and chased the Midianites. 24 Now Gideon sent messengers throughout the Ephraimite hill country who announced, “Go down and head off the Midianites. Take control of the fords of the streams all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River.” When all the Ephraimites had assembled, they took control of the fords all the way to Beth Barah and the Jordan River. 25 They captured the two Midianite generals, Oreb and Zeeb. They executed Oreb on the rock of Oreb and Zeeb in the winepress of Zeeb. They chased the Midianites and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon, who was now on the other side of the Jordan River.

Texts in conversation

Compare ARM 26 and Judges 7:13

Ancient Near East, Syrian · Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Judges 7 follows a pattern based on Babylonian omen-dreams, where ordinary people receive divine omens in dreams and have them interpreted by others, often affecting the outcome of important battles or other events.

Passages

ARM 26

Ancient Near East, Syrian · The Mari Archives
On the very day I send this tablet of mine to my lord, Malik-Dagan of Šakka came here to tell me, “In my dream I, along with a man accompanying me, was set to go from the Saggaratum district, through the upper district, to Mari. Ahead of me, I entered Terqa. As I was entering, I entered the temple of Dagan and I went prostrate before Dagan. During my prostration, Dagan opened his mouth to say this, ‘Have the Yaminite kings and their troops made peace with the troops of Zimrilim who has come up?’ I said, ‘They did not.’ Just before I left, he said, ‘Why are Zimrilim’s messengers not before me on a regular basis? Why is he not setting before me full reports? Had it been otherwise, long ago, I would have delivered the Yaminite kings into Zimrilim’s hand. Now go! I am sending you to Zimrilim and you are to tell him, ‘Send your messengers to me and set a full report before me and I will set before you the Yaminite kings, having them wriggle in a fisherman’s wooden casket.’” This is what the man saw in his dream, revealing it to me. I am now writing this report to my lord. My lord should look into this dream. Another matter: If it pleases my lord, he should set a full report before Dagan. Messengers from my lord should be regular. Because the man who told this dream is to make a pagrûm-offering to Dagan, I have not sent him to my lord. Moreover, because this man is reliable, I have not taken from his hair or the fringe of his garment.
1800 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in ARM

Judges 7:13

Hebrew Bible
12 Now the Midianites, Amalekites, and the people from the east covered the valley like a swarm of locusts. Their camels could not be counted; they were as innumerable as the sand on the seashore. 13 When Gideon arrived, he heard a man telling another man about a dream he had. The man said, “Look! I had a dream. I saw a stale cake of barley bread rolling into the Midianite camp. It hit a tent so hard it knocked it over and turned it upside down. The tent just collapsed.” 14 The other man said, “Without a doubt this symbolizes the sword of Gideon son of Joash, the Israelite. God is handing Midian and all the army over to him.” 15 When Gideon heard the report of the dream and its interpretation, he praised God. Then he went back to the Israelite camp and said, “Get up, for the Lord is handing the Midianite army over to you!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

References

"... Against all these dreams which were dreamt by kings, concern mighty peoples, and require god-inspired interpreters, the dream incident reported in Judges 7:13 forms a marked and interesting contrast. Here, a “symbolic” dream of a more primitive nature, yet endowed with the persuasiveness of a genuine experience, is told by a common soldier and promptly interpreted by another. The entire episode, the dream and its interpretation, occurs in the camp of the enemy for whom the dream portends evil. However, through a direct intervention of the Lord, Gideon, the leader of the Israelites, is made to overhear the relation of the dream as well as its interpretation. He gladly “accepts” the prediction it contains as an encouraging omen given to him by his god ..."
A. Leo Oppenheim, “The Interpretation of Dreams in the Ancient Near East: With a Translation of an Assyrian Dream-Book,” TAPS 46.3 (1956): 210.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

ARM 26 and Judges 7:13

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library