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Judges

About this book
Chapter 17

1 There was a man named Micah from the Ephraimite hill country. 2 He said to his mother, “You know the 1,100 pieces of silver which were stolen from you, about which I heard you pronounce a curse? Look here, I have the silver. I stole it, but now I am giving it back to you.” His mother said, “May the Lord reward you, my son!” 3 When he gave back to his mother the 1,100 pieces of silver, his mother said, “I solemnly dedicate this silver to the Lord. It will be for my son’s benefit. We will use it to make a carved image and a metal image.”⁠ 4 When he gave the silver back to his mother, she took 200 pieces of silver to a silversmith, who made them into a carved image and a metal image. She then put them in Micah’s house. 5 Now this man Micah owned a shrine. He made an ephod and some personal idols and hired one of his sons to serve as a priest. 6 In those days Israel had no king. Each man did what was right in his own eyes.14⁠ 7 There was a young man from Bethlehem in Judah. He was a Levite who had been temporarily residing among the tribe of Judah. 8 This man left the town of Bethlehem in Judah to find another place to live. He came to the Ephraimite hill country and made his way to Micah’s house. 9 Micah said to him, “Where do you come from?” He replied, “I am a Levite from Bethlehem in Judah. I am looking for a new place to live.” 10 Micah said to him, “Stay with me. Become my adviser and priest. I will give you 10 pieces of silver per year, plus clothes and food.” 11 So the Levite agreed to stay with the man; the young man was like a son to Micah. 12 Micah paid the Levite; the young man became his priest and lived in Micah’s house. 13 Micah said, “Now I know the Lord will make me rich⁠ because I have this Levite as my priest.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 27:15 and Judges 17:3

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy 27 curses anyone who makes a carved or metal idol and calls the act abhorrent. Judges 17 follows this by showing Micah violating that command when he makes a carved and molten idol, using the same language.

Passages

Deuteronomy 27:15

Hebrew Bible
13 And these other tribes must stand for the curse on Mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali. 14 “The Levites will call out to every Israelite with a loud voice: 15 ‘Cursed is the one who makes a carved or metal image—something abhorrent to the Lord, the work of the craftsman—and sets it up in a secret place.’ Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’ 16 ‘Cursed is the one who disrespects his father and mother.’ Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’ 17 ‘Cursed is the one who moves his neighbor’s boundary marker.’ Then all the people will say, ‘Amen!’
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Judges 17:3

Hebrew Bible
1 There was a man named Micah from the Ephraimite hill country. 2 He said to his mother, “You know the 1,100 pieces of silver which were stolen from you, about which I heard you pronounce a curse? Look here, I have the silver. I stole it, but now I am giving it back to you.” His mother said, “May the Lord reward you, my son!” 3 When he gave back to his mother the 1,100 pieces of silver, his mother said, “I solemnly dedicate this silver to the Lord. It will be for my son’s benefit. We will use it to make a carved image and a metal image.” 4 When he gave the silver back to his mother, she took 200 pieces of silver to a silversmith, who made them into a carved image and a metal image. She then put them in Micah’s house. 5 Now this man Micah owned a shrine. He made an ephod and some personal idols and hired one of his sons to serve as a priest.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

References

"... Given the general reading of Deuteronomy 5:8 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image [that is] any form” (Deuteronomy 4:16, 23, 25) (taken originally from Exodus 20:4, “You shall not make an image and any form”), Weinfeld argues that the image ban is in fact far more comprehensive in its attack on all forms of iconoltary than the first commandment as it originally stood (Weinfeld 1991, 290). This Image Ban prohibits the production of a pesel “carved image” kal tmuna “of any likeness/form” and is also against massekah “molten image” (Deuteronomy 27:15, Judges 17:3, 4; 18:14; compare Exodus 34:17, Leviticus 19:4 ’elohei massekah; Weinfeld 1991, 290). It shows at its core a desire to eradicate the practice of fashioning other deities for worship (Mettinger 1997, 176; Levine 2007, 358-359) ..."
Bronwen Manning-Rozenblum, The Historical Probability of Hezekiah’s Reform (2 Kgs 18:4) and the Character of Yahwism in the Late Eighth Century BCE (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2010), 62.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 27:15 and Judges 17:3

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