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Judges

About this book
Chapter 13

1 The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight, so the Lord handed them over to the Philistines for 40 years. 2 There was a man named Manoah from Zorah, from the Danite tribe. His wife was infertile and childless. 3 The angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and said to her, “You are infertile and childless, but you will conceive and have a son. 4 Now be careful! Do not drink wine or beer, and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. 5 Look, you will conceive and have a son. You must never cut his hair,⁠ for the child will be dedicated to God from birth. He will begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines.” 6 The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God came to me! He looked like God’s angel—he⁠ was very awesome. I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name.⁠ 7 He said to me, ‘Look, you will conceive and have a son. So now, do not drink wine or beer and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. For the child will be dedicated to God from birth till the day he dies.’” 8 Manoah prayed to the Lord, “Please, Lord, allow the man sent from God to visit us again, so he can teach us how we should raise the child who will be born.” 9 God answered Manoah’s prayer. God’s angel visited the woman again while she was sitting in the field. But her husband Manoah was not with her. 10 The woman ran at once and told her husband, “Come quickly, the man who visited me the other day has appeared to me!” 11 So Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he met the man, he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” He said, “Yes.” 12 Manoah said, “Now, when your announcement comes true, how should the child be raised and what should he do?” 13 The angel of the Lord told Manoah, “Your wife should pay attention to everything I told her. 14 She should not drink anything that the grapevine produces. She must not drink wine or beer, and she must not eat any food that will make her ritually unclean. She should obey everything I commanded her to do.” 15 Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Please stay here awhile, so we can prepare a young goat for you to eat.” 16 The angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “If I stay, I will not eat your food. But if you want to make a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, you should offer it.” (He said this because Manoah did not know that he was the angel of the Lord.) 17 Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Tell us your name, so we can honor you when your announcement comes true.” 18 The angel of the Lord said to him, “You should not ask me my name because you cannot comprehend it.” 19 Manoah took a young goat and a grain offering and offered them on a rock to the Lord. The Lord’s messenger did an amazing thing as Manoah and his wife watched. 20 As the flame went up from the altar toward the sky, the angel of the Lord went up in it while Manoah and his wife watched. They fell facedown to the ground. 21 The angel of the Lord did not appear again to Manoah and his wife. After all this happened Manoah realized that the visitor had been the angel of the Lord. 22 Manoah said to his wife, “We will certainly die because we have seen a supernatural being!” 23 But his wife said to him, “If the Lord wanted to kill us, he would not have accepted the burnt offering and the grain offering from us. He would not have shown us all these things or have spoken to us like this just now.” 24 Manoah’s wife gave birth to a son and named him Samson. The child grew and the Lord empowered him. 25 The Lord’s Spirit began to control him in Mahaneh Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 13:6 and Matthew 1:20

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Matthew's story of Jesus' birth follows a pattern from the Hebrew Bible where a divine messenger announces the birth of a child with a special role. The angel’s message to Joseph about Mary follows Judges 13, where an angel announces Samson’s birth.

Passages

Judges 13:6

Hebrew Bible
1 The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight, so the Lord handed them over to the Philistines for 40 years. 2 There was a man named Manoah from Zorah, from the Danite tribe. His wife was infertile and childless. 3 The angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and said to her, “You are infertile and childless, but you will conceive and have a son. 4 Now be careful! Do not drink wine or beer, and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. 5 Look, you will conceive and have a son. You must never cut his hair, for the child will be dedicated to God from birth. He will begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines.” 6 The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God came to me! He looked like God’s angel—he was very awesome. I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name. 7 He said to me, ‘Look, you will conceive and have a son. So now, do not drink wine or beer and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. For the child will be dedicated to God from birth till the day he dies.’”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

Matthew 1:20

New Testament
18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ happened this way. While his mother Mary was engaged to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit. 19 Because Joseph, her husband to be, was a righteous man, and because he did not want to disgrace her, he intended to divorce her privately. 20 When he had contemplated this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife because the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. 21 She will give birth to a son and you will name him Jesus because he will save his people from their sins.” 22 This all happened so that what was spoken by the Lord through the prophet would be fulfilled: 23 “Look! The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son, and they will name him Emmanuel,” which means “God with us.” 24 When Joseph awoke from sleep he did what the angel of the Lord told him. He took his wife, 25 but did not have marital relations with her until she gave birth to a son, whom he named Jesus.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... It is quite clear that the italicized Matthean material matches very closely the standard annunciation message. So does some non-italicized material like 'she will give birth to a son' and 'he will save his people from their sins'; but that is because in those clauses there coincided the two literary forms in the pre-Matthean stratum, the angelic dream pattern and the angelic annunciation of birth. In other words, those are clauses that had a function (and sometimes a different one) in both patterns. For instance, in the angelic dream pattern, 'for he will save his people from their sins' serves as the standard reason offered by the angel for his command (Genesis 16, 17; Judges 13), while in the annunciation pattern it is the etymology of the name Jesus, Thus, I would explain Matthew's 'Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid' as the standard 3a-c of the annunciation pattern, and Matthew's 'The child begotten in her ... She will give birth to a son; and you will call his name Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins' as the standard 3d-g of the annunciation pattern ..."
Raymond E. Brown, The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1979), 154–164.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Comments

  • "Genesis 16, 17" - There is no such source in the Jewish Bible.
    test that I conducted, even among you Christians there is no such numbering:
    https://biblehub.com/bsb/genesis/16.htm
    Brown, Raymond E. Refers to the correct source in Genesis 16:8-11.

    NIV, May 24, 2024

Judges 13:6 and Matthew 1:20

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