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Judges

About this book
Chapter 13

1 The Israelites again did evil in the Lord’s sight, so the Lord handed them over to the Philistines for 40 years. 2 There was a man named Manoah from Zorah, from the Danite tribe. His wife was infertile and childless. 3 The angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and said to her, “You are infertile and childless, but you will conceive and have a son. 4 Now be careful! Do not drink wine or beer, and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. 5 Look, you will conceive and have a son. You must never cut his hair,⁠ for the child will be dedicated to God from birth. He will begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines.” 6 The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God came to me! He looked like God’s angel—he⁠ was very awesome. I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name.⁠ 7 He said to me, ‘Look, you will conceive and have a son. So now, do not drink wine or beer and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. For the child will be dedicated to God from birth till the day he dies.’” 8 Manoah prayed to the Lord, “Please, Lord, allow the man sent from God to visit us again, so he can teach us how we should raise the child who will be born.” 9 God answered Manoah’s prayer. God’s angel visited the woman again while she was sitting in the field. But her husband Manoah was not with her. 10 The woman ran at once and told her husband, “Come quickly, the man who visited me the other day has appeared to me!” 11 So Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he met the man, he said to him, “Are you the man who spoke to my wife?” He said, “Yes.” 12 Manoah said, “Now, when your announcement comes true, how should the child be raised and what should he do?” 13 The angel of the Lord told Manoah, “Your wife should pay attention to everything I told her. 14 She should not drink anything that the grapevine produces. She must not drink wine or beer, and she must not eat any food that will make her ritually unclean. She should obey everything I commanded her to do.” 15 Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Please stay here awhile, so we can prepare a young goat for you to eat.” 16 The angel of the Lord said to Manoah, “If I stay, I will not eat your food. But if you want to make a burnt sacrifice to the Lord, you should offer it.” (He said this because Manoah did not know that he was the angel of the Lord.) 17 Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “Tell us your name, so we can honor you when your announcement comes true.” 18 The angel of the Lord said to him, “You should not ask me my name because you cannot comprehend it.” 19 Manoah took a young goat and a grain offering and offered them on a rock to the Lord. The Lord’s messenger did an amazing thing as Manoah and his wife watched. 20 As the flame went up from the altar toward the sky, the angel of the Lord went up in it while Manoah and his wife watched. They fell facedown to the ground. 21 The angel of the Lord did not appear again to Manoah and his wife. After all this happened Manoah realized that the visitor had been the angel of the Lord. 22 Manoah said to his wife, “We will certainly die because we have seen a supernatural being!” 23 But his wife said to him, “If the Lord wanted to kill us, he would not have accepted the burnt offering and the grain offering from us. He would not have shown us all these things or have spoken to us like this just now.” 24 Manoah’s wife gave birth to a son and named him Samson. The child grew and the Lord empowered him. 25 The Lord’s Spirit began to control him in Mahaneh Dan between Zorah and Eshtaol.

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 13:5 and 1 Samuel 1:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The birth stories of Samson in Judges and Samuel in 1 Samuel share similar language, such as the instruction that a razor must not touch the child’s head. Both narratives likely draw from a common source or shared narrative tradition.

Passages

Judges 13:5

Hebrew Bible
4 Now be careful! Do not drink wine or beer, and do not eat any food that will make you ritually unclean. 5 Look, you will conceive and have a son. You must never cut his hair, for the child will be dedicated to God from birth. He will begin to deliver Israel from the power of the Philistines.” 6 The woman went and said to her husband, “A man sent from God came to me! He looked like God’s angel—he was very awesome. I did not ask him where he came from, and he did not tell me his name.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

1 Samuel 1:11

Hebrew Bible
10 As for Hannah, she was very distressed. She prayed to the Lord and was, in fact, weeping. 11 She made a vow saying, “O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, if you would truly look on the suffering of your servant, and would keep me in mind and not neglect your servant, and give your servant a male child, then I will dedicate him to the Lord all the days of his life. His hair will never be cut.” 12 It turned out that she did a great deal of praying before the Lord. Meanwhile Eli was watching her mouth.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

References

"... Another body of evidence is the presence of numerous cases of repeated prose images. A scene that is pictured in one story recurs in another part of the collection, along with some recurring word or phrase to confirm that the parallel pictures are related. The J account of Moses at the burning bush includes the famous instruction, “Take off your shoes from your feet, because the place on which you’re standing: it’s holy ground” (Exodus 3:5). And in the account of Joshua at Jericho that comes in these texts, a divine creature says the exact same words to Joshua (Joshua 5:15). Both Samson (in Judges) and Samuel (in Samuel B) receive the instruction not to cut their hair; and the wording in both is “and a razor shall not go up on his head” (Judges 13:5; 16:17; 1 Samuel 1:11) ..."
Richard Elliott Friedman, The Hidden Book in the Bible (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1998), 29.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judges 13:5 and 1 Samuel 1:11

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