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1 From Jude, a slave of Jesus Christ and brother of James, to those who are called, wrapped in the love of God the Father and kept for Jesus Christ. 2 May mercy, peace, and love be lavished on you! 3 Dear friends, although I have been eager to write to you about our common salvation, I now feel compelled instead to write to encourage you to contend earnestly for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints. 4 For certain men have secretly slipped in among you—men who long ago were marked out for the condemnation I am about to describe—ungodly⁠ men who have turned the grace of our God into a license for evil and who deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ.⁠

Examples of Judgment

5 Now I desire to remind you (even though you have been fully informed of these facts once for all) that Jesus, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, later destroyed those who did not believe. 6 You also know that the angels who did not keep within their proper domain but abandoned their own place of residence,⁠ he has kept in eternal chains in utter darkness, locked up for the judgment of the great Day.⁠ 7 So also Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns, since they indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire in a way similar to these angels, are now displayed as an example by suffering the punishment of eternal fire.⁠ 8 Yet these men, as a result of their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and insult the glorious ones. 9 But even when Michael the archangel was arguing with the devil and debating with him concerning Moses’⁠ body,⁠ he did not dare to bring a slanderous judgment, but said, “May the Lord rebuke you!”⁠ 10 But these men do not understand the things they slander, and they are being destroyed by the very things that, like irrational animals, they instinctively comprehend.⁠ 11 Woe to them! For they have traveled down Cain’s path, and because of greed have abandoned themselves to Balaam’s error;⁠ hence, they will certainly perish in Korah’s rebellion.⁠ 12 These men are dangerous reefs at your love feasts, feasting without reverence, feeding only themselves.⁠ They are waterless clouds, carried along by the winds;⁠ autumn trees without fruit—twice dead, uprooted;⁠ 13 wild sea waves, spewing out the foam of their shame;⁠ wayward stars for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness have been reserved.⁠ 14 Now Enoch, the seventh in descent beginning with Adam,⁠ even prophesied of them, saying,⁠ “Look! The Lord is coming with thousands and thousands of his holy ones,⁠ 15 to execute judgment on all, and to convict every person of all their thoroughly ungodly deeds that they have committed, and of all the harsh words that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.” 16 These people are grumblers and fault-finders who go wherever their desires lead them, and they give bombastic speeches, enchanting folks for their own gain.⁠

An Appeal to the Community

17 But you, dear friends—recall the predictions foretold by the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. 18 For they said to you, “At the end of time there will come scoffers, propelled by their own ungodly desires.”⁠ 19 These people are divisive, worldly, devoid of the Spirit. 20 But you, dear friends, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith, by praying in the Holy Spirit, 21 maintain yourselves in the love of God while anticipating the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings eternal life. 22 And have mercy on those who waver; 23 save others by snatching them out of the fire;⁠ have mercy on others, coupled with a fear of God, hating even the clothes stained by the flesh. 24 Now to the one who is able to keep you from falling, and to cause you to stand, rejoicing, without blemish before his glorious presence, 25 to the only God our Savior through Jesus Christ our Lord, be glory, majesty, power, and authority, before all time, and now, and for all eternity. Amen.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 12:4 and Jude 1:6

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

Jude’s description of angels who abandoned their proper place reflects the Watchers story in 1 Enoch, where divine beings left heaven, took human wives, brought destruction, and were then imprisoned underground in chains until the day of judgment.

Passages

1 Enoch 12:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 Before these things, Enoch was hidden, and no one among the children of men knew where he was hidden, where he lived, or what had happened to him. 2 His dealings were with the Watchers, and he spent his days among the holy ones. 3 And I, Enoch, was praising the Lord of majesty and the King of the ages, and look! the Watchers called me - Enoch the scribe - and said to me: 4 'Enoch, you scribe of righteousness, go, tell the Watchers of heaven who have left the high heaven, the holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women, and have acted as the children of earth do, and have taken wives for themselves: 5 You have caused great destruction on the earth: and you shall have no peace or forgiveness of sin; and as much as they delight in their children, 6 They will witness the murder of their beloved ones, and they will mourn over the destruction of their children, and they will plead forever, but you will not find mercy or peace.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Jude 1:6

New Testament
4 For certain men have secretly slipped in among you—men who long ago were marked out for the condemnation I am about to describe—ungodly men who have turned the grace of our God into a license for evil and who deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ. 5 Now I desire to remind you (even though you have been fully informed of these facts once for all) that Jesus, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, later destroyed those who did not believe. 6 You also know that the angels who did not keep within their proper domain but abandoned their own place of residence, he has kept in eternal chains in utter darkness, locked up for the judgment of the great Day. 7 So also Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighboring towns, since they indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire in a way similar to these angels, are now displayed as an example by suffering the punishment of eternal fire. 8 Yet these men, as a result of their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and insult the glorious ones.
60–80 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jude

References

"... Jude's second summary involves a description of angels that is found in the Enochic Book of Watchers. In Jude, the angels are sharply described through participial clauses (Clause 7.1 and 7.2), which evince the logico-semantics of elaboration definition and demonstrate that they are those who did not keep their proper domain, but rather abandoned their proper abode. Universally, commentators reason that this refers to the Enochic legend in which it is explained that an errant group of angels (the 'Watchers') engaged in sexual relations with human women (1 Enoch 6-7) and taught humans how to make weapons, wage war, and perform magic (1 Enoch 8). Although at least one scholar notes that the wording of Jude 6 does not seem to communicate that the transgression of the angels was sexual in nature, 1 Enoch 12:4-5 suggests that reading the implication of sexual sin in Jude 6 is implied by the language of Jude 21 ..."
Benjamin B. Hunt, “‘Know Your Enemies’: Rhetorical Semantics in the Epistle of Jude” (MA diss., McMaster Divinity College, 2014), 96.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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  • The articlates some hidden truths which many hasn't perceived though they read their bible everyday. I appreciate it. Can I have a link through which I can download a text containing the book of Enoch.

    James Ouma Glory, June 2, 2024

1 Enoch 12:4 and Jude 1:6

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