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About this book

Jubilees

About this book

Jacob and Joseph Are Reunited

Chapter 45

1 And Israel went into the country of Egypt, into the land of Goshen, on the new moon of the fourth [2172] month, in the second year of the third week of the forty-fifth jubilee. 2 And Joseph went to meet his father Jacob, to the land of Goshen, and he fell on his father's neck and wept. 3 And Israel said to Joseph: 'Now let me die since I have seen you, and now may the Lord God of Israel be blessed the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac who has not withheld His mercy and His grace from His servant Jacob. 4 It is enough for me that I have seen your face while I am still alive; yes, the vision which I saw at Bethel is true. Blessed be the Lord my God forever and ever, and blessed be His name.' 5 And Joseph and his brothers ate bread before their father and drank wine, and Jacob rejoiced with very great joy because he saw Joseph eating with his brothers and drinking before him, and he blessed the Creator of all things who had preserved him, and had preserved for him his twelve sons. 6 And Joseph had given to his father and to his brothers as a gift the right to live in the land of Goshen and in Rameses and all the region around, which he ruled over before Pharaoh. And Israel and his sons lived in the land of Goshen, the best part of the land of Egypt and Israel was one hundred and thirty years old when he came into Egypt. 7 And Joseph fed his father and his brothers and also their possessions with bread as much as they needed for the seven years of the famine. 8 And the land of Egypt suffered because of the famine, and Joseph acquired all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh in return for food, and he got possession of the people and their cattle and everything for Pharaoh. 9 And the years of the famine came to an end, and Joseph gave to the people in the land seed and food so that they might sow (the land) in the eighth year, for the river had overflowed all the land of Egypt. 10 For in the seven years of the famine it had (not) overflowed and had irrigated only a few places on the banks of the river, but now it overflowed and the Egyptians sowed the land, and it bore much grain that year. 11 And this was the first year of the fourth week of the forty-fifth jubilee [2178]. 12 And Joseph took of the grain of the harvest the fifth part for the king and left four parts for them for food and for seed, and Joseph made it an ordinance for the land of Egypt to this day.

Jacob’s Final Instructions and Death

13 And Israel lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years, and all the days which he lived were three jubilees, one hundred and forty-seven years, and he died in the fourth [2188] year of the fifth week of the forty-fifth jubilee. 14 And Israel blessed his sons before he died and told them everything that would happen to them in the land of Egypt; and he made known to them what would come upon them in the last days,⁠ and blessed them and gave to Joseph two portions in the land. 15 And he died and joined his ancestors, and he was buried in the double cave in the land of Canaan, near Abraham his father in the grave which he dug for himself in the double cave in the land of Hebron. 16 And he gave all his books and the books of his ancestors to Levi his son⁠ so that he might preserve them and renew them for his children to this day.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 47:29 and Jubilees 45:16

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis 47, Jacob’s dying act is to make Joseph swear to bury him in Canaan, showing how Joseph was the favored son. Jubilees changes this moment, having Jacob instead hand all his books to Levi, shifting the inheritance to the priestly line.

Passages

Genesis 47:29

Hebrew Bible
28 Jacob lived in the land of Egypt 17 years; the years of Jacob’s life were 147 in all. 29 The time for Israel to die approached, so he called for his son Joseph and said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, put your hand under my thigh and show me kindness and faithfulness. Do not bury me in Egypt, 30 but when I rest with my fathers, carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their burial place.” Joseph said, “I will do as you say.” 31 Jacob said, “Swear to me that you will do so.” So Joseph gave him his word. Then Israel bowed down at the head of his bed.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 45:16

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
15 And he died and joined his ancestors, and he was buried in the double cave in the land of Canaan, near Abraham his father in the grave which he dug for himself in the double cave in the land of Hebron. 16 And he gave all his books and the books of his ancestors to Levi his son so that he might preserve them and renew them for his children to this day.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... While Jubilees retains Joseph's significance in the public sphere, it reduces his significance in the sphere of the family, where he is treated just as one of the sons among whom the privileged one is not Joseph (Jubilees had also earlier omitted his dreams to that effect), but Levi, to whom Jacob gave his books and those of his father (45:16). 'Jacob's designation of Levi as heir to the patriarchal books (Jubilees 45:16) replaces his final testament to Joseph (Genesis 47:29-31).' Referring to Jubilees 46:10, Halpern-Amaru writes: 'By placing Amram at the patriarchal homestead, that is, on the mountain of Hebron, Jubilees assigns to him the precise role that its exegesis had so deliberately taken away from the biblical Joseph.' ...
William Loader, Enoch, Levi, and Jubilees on Sexuality: Attitudes towards Sexuality in the Early Enoch Literature, the Aramaic Levi Document, and the Book of Jubilees (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2007), 203.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 47:29 and Jubilees 45:16

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