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Jubilees

About this book

Jacob and His Family Travel to Egypt

Chapter 44

1 And Israel took his journey from his house in Hebron on the new moon of the third month, and he went on the way of the Well of the Oath, and he offered a sacrifice to the God of his father Isaac on the seventh of this month. 2 And Jacob remembered the dream that he had seen at Bethel, and he feared to go down into Egypt.⁠ 3 And while he was thinking of sending word to Joseph to come to him, and that he would not go down, he remained there seven days, in case he might see a vision as to whether he should remain or go down. 4 And he celebrated the harvest festival of the first-fruits with old grain, for in all the land of Canaan there was not a handful of seed [in the land], for the famine was over all the wild animals and cattle and birds, and also over man. 5 And on the sixteenth the Lord appeared to him, and said to him, 'Jacob, Jacob'; and he said, 'Here I am.' And He said to him: 'I am the God of your ancestors, the God of Abraham and Isaac; do not fear to go down into Egypt, for I will make of you a great nation there. 6 I will go down with you, and I will bring you up (again), and in this land you shall be buried, and Joseph shall put his hands upon your eyes. 7 Do not fear; go down into Egypt.' And his sons rose up, and his grandsons, and they placed their father and their possessions upon wagons. 8 And Israel rose up from the Well of the Oath on the sixteenth of this third month, and he went to the land of Egypt. 9 And Israel sent Judah ahead of him to his son Joseph to examine the Land of Goshen, for Joseph had told his brothers that they should come and live there so that they might be near him. 10 And this was the finest (land) in the land of Egypt, and near to him, for all (of them) and also for the cattle.

The Family Who Went to Egypt

11 And these are the names of the sons of Jacob who went into Egypt with Jacob their father. 12 Reuben, the Firstborn of Israel; and these are the names of his sons: Enoch, and Pallu, and Hezron and Carmi — five. 13 Simeon and his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul, the son of the Zephathite woman — seven. 14 Levi and his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari — four. 15 Judah and his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Shelah, and Perez, and Zerah — four. 16 Issachar and his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Tola, and Puah, and Jashub, and Shimron — five. 17 Zebulun and his sons; and these are the names of his sons: Sered, and Elon, and Jahleel — four. 18 And these are the sons of Jacob and their sons whom Leah bore to Jacob in Mesopotamia, six, and their one sister, Dinah and all the people of the sons of Leah, and their sons, who went with Jacob their father into Egypt, were twenty-nine, and Jacob their father being with them, they were thirty. 19 And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's female servant, the wife of Jacob, who bore to Jacob Gad and Asher. 20 And these are the names of their sons who went with him into Egypt. The sons of Gad: Ziphion, and Haggi, and Shuni, and Ezbon, and Eri, and Areli, and Arodi — eight. 21 And the sons of Asher: Imnah, and Ishvah, and Ishvi, and Beriah, and Serah, their one sister — six. 22 All the people were fourteen, and all those of Leah were forty-four. 23 And the sons of Rachel, the wife of Jacob: Joseph and Benjamin. 24 And there were born to Joseph in Egypt before his father came into Egypt, those whom Asenath, daughter of Potiphar, priest of Heliopolis bore to him, Manasseh, and Ephraim — three. 25 And the sons of Benjamin: Bela and Becher and Ashbel, Gera, and Naaman, and Ehi, and Rosh, and Muppim, and Huppim, and Ard — eleven. 26 And all the people of Rachel were fourteen. 27 And the sons of Bilhah, the female servant of Rachel, the wife of Jacob, whom she bore to Jacob, were Dan and Naphtali. 28 And these are the names of their sons who went with them into Egypt. And the sons of Dan were Hushim, and Samon, and Asudi, and 'Ijaka, and Salomon — six. 29 And they died the year in which they entered into Egypt, and there was left to Dan Hushim alone. 30 And these are the names of the sons of Naphtali: Jahziel, and Guni and Jezer, and Shallum, and 'Iv. 31 And 'Iv, who was born after the years of famine, died in Egypt. 32 And all the people of Rachel were twenty-six. 33 And all the people of Jacob which went into Egypt were seventy people.⁠ These are his children and his children's children, in all seventy, but five died in Egypt before Joseph, and had no children. 34 And in the land of Canaan two sons of Judah died, Er and Onan, and they had no children, and the children of Israel buried those who perished, and they were counted among the seventy nations.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 28:12 and Jubilees 44:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis 28, Jacob dreams at Bethel of a stairway to heaven, after which he woke up afraid. Jubilees 44 reinterprets that same dream as a warning about Egypt, so its memory makes Jacob afraid to go down years later.

Passages

Genesis 28:12

Hebrew Bible
11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place 12 and had a dream. He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!” 16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!” 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 44:2

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
1 And Israel took his journey from his house in Hebron on the new moon of the third month, and he went on the way of the Well of the Oath, and he offered a sacrifice to the God of his father Isaac on the seventh of this month. 2 And Jacob remembered the dream that he had seen at Bethel, and he feared to go down into Egypt. 3 And while he was thinking of sending word to Joseph to come to him, and that he would not go down, he remained there seven days, in case he might see a vision as to whether he should remain or go down.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... This may refer to the seven tablets, which presumably foretold the Egyptian servitude. At the same time, it might be a reference to Jacob’s dream at Bethel in Genesis 28:12–15. It should be noted that because Genesis 28:17 said Jacob ‘was afraid’ after he woke up, his dream was sometimes interpreted as a frightening vision of the future; see my, The Ladder of Jacob, 9–35. ...
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 278.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 28:12 and Jubilees 44:2

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